{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:44:59Z","timestamp":1783547099336,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder; therefore, there is a need for identifying more homogeneous subtypes. This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics and comorbidity pattern of a large sample of pediatric OCD subjects, and to examine the impact of gender, age at onset, and lifetime tic disorders on the clinical presentation and comorbidity pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 110 children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD were assessed using the Kiddle Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) for psychiatric comorbidity, and a clinical data form was filled out. The cutoff for differentiating prepubertal from adolescent onset was 11 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 83.6% of the subjects had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder and contamination\/somatic obsessions were significantly higher in males (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.036 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03, respectively) than in females. Depressive disorders and religious obsessions were significantly higher in the adolescent-onset group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.05, respectively) whereas disruptive behavior disorders were higher in the prepubertal-onset group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.037). Disruptive behavior disorders were significantly more frequent in the tic (+) group than in tic (-) group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.021).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were differences in the comorbidity pattern and clinical expression between genders and between prepubertal and adolescent-onset cases. Findings of this study supported the introduction of tic-related OCD as a specifier in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,<\/jats:italic>\n                      5th ed. (DSM-5), and the necessity of a detailed assessment of other psychiatric disorders in youth with OCD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T14:19:32Z","timestamp":1434723572000},"page":"425-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Impact of Gender, Age at Onset, and Lifetime Tic Disorders on the Clinical Presentation and Comorbidity Pattern of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Canan","family":"Tanidir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Adaletli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Guven","family":"Kilicoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caner","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Kayhan","family":"Bahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tugce","family":"Aytemiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozden Sukran","family":"Uneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bak\u0131rkoy State and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurologic Disorders","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00005571"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association: Anxiety disorders","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Anxiety disorders. 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