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We aimed to systematically review the clinical characteristics, diagnostic trajectories, and predictors of illness severity and outcomes of EOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase literature review including studies published from January 1, 1990 to August 8, 2014 of EOS patients with 1) \u226550% nonaffective psychosis cases; 2) mean age of subjects &lt;19 years; 3) clinical samples recruited through mental health services; 4) cross-sectional or prospective design; 5) \u226520 participants at baseline; 6) standardized\/validated diagnostic instruments; and 7) quantitative psychotic symptom frequency or severity data. Exploratory analyses assessed associations among relevant clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across 35 studies covering 28 independent samples (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091506, age\u2009=\u200915.6 years, age at illness onset\u2009=\u200914.5 years, males\u2009=\u200962.3%, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders\u2009=\u200989.0%), the most frequent psychotic symptoms were auditory hallucinations (81.9%), delusions (77.5%; mainly persecutory [48.5%], referential [35.1%], and grandiose [25.5%]), thought disorder (65.5%), bizarre\/disorganized behavior (52.8%), and flat or blunted affect\/negative symptoms (52.3%\/50.4%). Mean baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-total, positive, and negative symptom scores were 84.5\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9, 19.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 and 20.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9. Mean baseline Clinical Global Impressions-Severity and Children's Global Assessment Scale\/Global Assessment of Functioning (CGAS\/GAF) scores were 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 and 35.5\u2009\u00b1\u20099.1. Comorbidity was frequent, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (34.3%), attention-deficit\/hyperactivity and\/or disruptive behavior disorders (33.5%), and substance abuse\/dependence (32.0%). Longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) predicted less CGAS\/GAF improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and poor premorbid adjustment and a diagnosis of schizophrenia predicted less PANSS negative symptom improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0048) at follow-up. Five studies directly comparing early-onset with adult-onset psychosis found longer DUP in EOP samples (18.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2 vs. 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1 months,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EOS patients suffer substantial impairment from significant levels of positive and negative symptoms. Although symptoms and functioning improve significantly over time, pre-\/and comorbid conditions are frequent, and longer DUP and poorer premorbid adjustment is associated with poorer illness outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T11:42:34Z","timestamp":1462189354000},"page":"410-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Outcome of Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychosis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Stentebjerg-Olesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K.","family":"Pagsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Fink-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Zucker Hillside Hospital"},{"name":"Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine"},{"name":"The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199510000-00012","article-title":"Childhood-onset schizophrenia: The severity of premorbid course","volume":"34","author":"Alaghband\u2013Rad J","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alaghband\u2013Rad J, , McKenna K, , Gordon CT, , Albus KE, , Hamburger SD, , Rumsey JM, , Frazier JA, , Lenane MC, , Rapoport JL: Childhood-onset schizophrenia: The severity of premorbid course. 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