{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1793642325305,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are immune-mediated diseases characterized by obsessive-compulsive symptoms and\/or tics triggered by group A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. Despite the well-known action of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on different conditions driven by systemic inflammation, there are no data about the 25(OH)D status in patients with PANDAS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate plasma 25(OH)D levels in a large cohort of children and adolescents with PANDAS and comparing the results with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have evaluated plasma 25(OH)D levels in 179 Italian patients with PANDAS (49 females, 130 males, mean age at diagnosis: 101.4\u2009\u00b1\u200930.1 months) and in an age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched control group of 224 healthy subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with PANDAS have shown more frequently reduced 25(OH)D levels (&lt;30\u2009ng\/mL) in comparison with controls (94.6% vs. 82.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0007). Patients with PANDAS had also lower levels of 25(OH)D than controls (20.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9\u2009ng\/mL vs. 24.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3\u2009ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). This difference was observed during both winter (13.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.25\u2009ng\/mL vs. 21.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u2009ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and summer (21.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5\u2009ng\/mL vs. 32.5\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7\u2009ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Notably, serum 25(OH)D levels correlated with both number of streptococcal (strep) infections before diagnosis of PANDAS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005) and with infection recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PANDAS patients have reduced 25(OH)D levels, which appear related to streptococcal infections and the probability of recurrence. Further long-term studies with higher number of patients are needed to investigate and confirm this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T14:15:41Z","timestamp":1510064141000},"page":"124-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Plasma Vitamin D Levels in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Stagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Matucci Cerinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Falcini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199503000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826c197f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/npa.2015.8763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102592"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.031856"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00320-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064170"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.05.1036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00413-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1714-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The protean visage of systemic autoinflammatory syndromes: A challenge for inter-professional collaboration","volume":"14","author":"Rigante D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rigante D: The protean visage of systemic autoinflammatory syndromes: A challenge for inter-professional collaboration. 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