{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:42:58Z","timestamp":1790217778284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of stimulant and nonstimulant medications in children and adolescents using as an outcome measure the Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV), and to examine the effect of medications in different ADHD subtypes (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO (E-journal, CINAHL and SportDiscus), PUBMED, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with parallel group or placebo-controlled studies comparing the effect of medications (stimulants or nonstimulants) in children and adolescents with ADHD were included. The main outcomes were the ADHD-RS-IV total score and subtypes (inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and secondary outcomes such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search strategy identified 15 RCTs, including a total of 4648 children and\/or adolescents diagnosed with ADHD aged 6 to 17 years old. Overall, both stimulant and nonstimulant medications reduce the ADHD-RS-IV score with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of \u22120.70 (confidence interval [95% CI], \u22120.85 to \u22120.55); in subgroup analyses, the SMD was \u22120.83 (95% CI, \u22121.11 to \u22120.54) for stimulant medications and \u22120.58 (95% CI, \u22120.69 to \u22120.46) for nonstimulant medications. Similar results were observed in inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity subtypes. The placebo group also showed a medium effect SMD of \u22120.68 (95% CI, \u22120.82 to \u22120.54). The most frequent TEAEs for stimulant and nonstimulant medications, respectively, were decreased appetite (28.6% and 14.2%) and somnolence (4.4% and 34.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that both stimulant and nonstimulant medications mitigate ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents, although subgroup analyses suggest a greater effectiveness of stimulant medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2017.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T10:22:50Z","timestamp":1528885370000},"page":"494-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Effects of Long-Acting Stimulant and Nonstimulant Medications in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alberto Jos\u00e9","family":"Cerrillo-Urbina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Health Care Research Center","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hermoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Pardo-Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Health Care Research Center","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairena","family":"S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Health Care Research Center","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Santos-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Virgen de la Luz","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Health Care Research Center","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"Achenbach TM: Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL\/4-18 YSR and TRF Profiles. 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