{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:42:06Z","timestamp":1778222526976,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study validates the caregiver-rated Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) Global Impairment Score (GIS), a single-item, 0\u2013100 scale, for use in PANS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected longitudinal data from community patients meeting PANS criteria. We included 128 patients with 1926 GISs, each from a unique clinic visit. To assess discriminant validity, we compared GISs from patients with PANS with scores from a population of healthy controls. To evaluate external validity, we compared global impairment with a clinician-reported global measure\u2014the Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)\u2014using the Bland\u2013Altman plots and correlation coefficients. Then, we evaluated associations between the PANS GIS and symptom-specific disease severity variables by fitting mixed models with repeated measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GIS shows excellent discriminant validity, distinguishing patients with PANS from healthy controls. The scores on the GIS show an acceptable level of agreement with the clinician-reported CGAS. The regression line in the Bland\u2013Altman plot had a positive slope, indicating that parents tend to report higher disease severity than clinicians at higher levels of disease severity. Correlation was higher during disease remissions than during disease flares (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.69 vs.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.48). All disease severity scales predicted GIS in the expected direction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GIS has excellent discriminant validity and acceptable construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2018.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T10:28:54Z","timestamp":1542104934000},"page":"41-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Global Impairment Score in Children and Adolescents with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Collin","family":"Leibold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margo","family":"Thienemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahare","family":"Farhadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Frankovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000018483.01526.ab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07185.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800210069011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"The Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS): Pilot findings on a measure of global impairment for children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Bird HR","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bird HR, , Shaffer D, , Fisher P, , Gould MS: The Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS): Pilot findings on a measure of global impairment for children and adolescents. 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