{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:28:36Z","timestamp":1792114116885,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to characterize the frequency and trends of psychotropic drug prescribing in Canadian children from 2010 to 2016 and to compare these results with a previous study conducted between 2005 and 2009.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a national physician panel survey database from IQVIA Canada, aggregated frequencies of written prescriptions and therapeutic indications for antipsychotics, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications (psychostimulants and nonstimulants), and antidepressants were analyzed in children. Changes in frequency of written prescriptions and therapeutic indications are presented using descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Written prescriptions for antipsychotics decreased by 10% from 2010 to 2016, in contrast to a 114% increase in written prescriptions for antipsychotics observed between 2005 and 2009. Written prescriptions for psychostimulants and antidepressants rose by 35% and 27%, respectively, between 2012 and 2016, comparable with previous results. The most common reasons for recommending an antipsychotic were ADHD and conduct disorder, although there appears to be a downward trend for ADHD compared with other conditions. In contrast, the share of written prescriptions for antipsychotics for autism increased 34% over the study period. Within the second-generation antipsychotics, written prescriptions for aripiprazole increased. An increase in the use of guanfacine extended release for ADHD was also observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several factors may be involved in stabilization and small decrease in antipsychotic use in recent years, including physician and patient awareness of adverse effects related to antipsychotic use, knowledge implementation strategies advocating short-term and judicious use of antipsychotics in children, and the approval of guanfacine extended release for use in Canada for ADHD in 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T11:44:50Z","timestamp":1564400690000},"page":"740-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Pharmacoepidemiology of Psychotropic Medication Use in Canadian Children from 2012 to 2016"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Pringsheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parco","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B.","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205700109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150619092903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"755","article-title":"Effects of guanfacine extended release on oppositional symptoms in children aged 6\u201312 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Connor DF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Connor DF, , Findling RL, , Kollins S: Effects of guanfacine extended release on oppositional symptoms in children aged 6\u201312 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CNS Drugs, 24:755\u2013768, 2010.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000204"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","article-title":"Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","author":"Hirsch LE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirsch LE, , Pringsheim T: Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (6):CD009043, 2016.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","article-title":"Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder","author":"Jesner OS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jesner OS, , Aref-Adib M, , Coren E: Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD005040, 2010.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"e1562","article-title":"Treatment of maladaptive aggression in youth: CERT guidelines I","volume":"129","author":"Knapp P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knapp P, , Chait A, , Pappadopulos E, , Crystal S, , Jensen PS: Treatment of maladaptive aggression in youth: CERT guidelines I. Engagement, assessment, and management. Pediatrics, 129:e1562\u2013e1576, 2012.","journal-title":"Engagement, assessment, and management. Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454602760386905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems and aggression in children and adolescents: Creation and dissemination of a national curriculum","author":"Pringsheim T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, , Andrade B, , Doja A, , Gorman DA: Assessment and treatment of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems and aggression in children and adolescents: Creation and dissemination of a national curriculum. Can J Psychiatry 62, 43, 1\u2013432, 2017.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry 62, 43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11592020-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/16.9.581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"e1577","article-title":"Treatment of maladaptive aggression in youth: CERT guidelines II","volume":"129","author":"Scotto Rosato N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scotto Rosato N, , Correll CU, , Pappadopulos E, , Chait A, , Crystal S, , Jensen PS: Treatment of maladaptive aggression in youth: CERT guidelines II. Treatments and ongoing management. Pediatrics, 129:e1577\u2013e1586, 2012.","journal-title":"Treatments and ongoing management. Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada: Table 17-10-0005-01 Population estimates on July 1st by age and sex. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1710000501 Accessed January15 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0018","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:55:17Z","timestamp":1777388117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cap.2019.0018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5463","1557-8992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}