{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:12:32Z","timestamp":1791893552536,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporal reward discounting impulsivity (TDI) reflects a propensity to choose smaller immediate rather than larger delayed rewards relative to age\/IQ-matched peers. Previous work with adults has linked TDI to an increased risk for antisocial behavior but also psychopathology in general. However, little work has examined TDI in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD), or considered whether TDI might be associated dimensionally with traits associated with antisocial behavior, that is, impulsivity, irritability, and\/or callous\u2013unemotional traits. In this study TDI was investigated in a large adolescent group with varying levels of antisocial behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants consisted of 195 adolescents (67 with CD, 77 in a psychiatric comparison group and 51 typically developing adolescents). Participants performed a temporal discounting task and individual differences were measured through the Connors rating scale for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (impulsivity), Affective Reactivity Index (irritability), and Inventory of Callous\u2013Unemotional traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adolescents with CD and those in the psychiatric comparison group showed significantly greater TDI than typically developing adolescents. However, these group differences were abolished when dimensional covariates were included. Irritability was significantly associated with TDI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that TDI reflects a transdiagnostic form of dysfunction that particularly manifests in adolescents with increased irritability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T17:58:55Z","timestamp":1599155935000},"page":"542-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Temporal Discounting Impulsivity and Its Association with Conduct Disorder and Irritability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R. James R.","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannah","family":"Bashford-Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Lukoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie S.","family":"Elowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Leibenluft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soonjo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dobbertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina S.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Conners CK: Conners 3rd Edition Manual. Multi-Health Systems Toronto Ontario Canada 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2001.34-101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0822-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frick PJ : Inventory of Callous\u2013Unemotional Traits. Unpublished Rating Scale. University of New Orleans 2004.","DOI":"10.1037\/t62639-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1863-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02561.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"What's in a disruptive disorder?","volume":"49","author":"Stringaris A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stringaris A, , Maughan B, , Goodman R: What's in a disruptive disorder?. Temperamental antecedents of oppositional defiant disorder: Findings from the Avon longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 49:474\u2013483, 2010.","journal-title":"Temperamental antecedents of oppositional defiant disorder: Findings from the Avon longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Reward: Empirical contribution","volume":"28","author":"White SF","year":"2014","unstructured":"White SF, , Clanton R, , Brislin SJ, , Meffert H, , Hwang S, , Sinclair S, , Blair RJ: Reward: Empirical contribution. Temporal discounting and conduct disorder in adolescents. J Pers Disord, 28:5\u201318, 2014.","journal-title":"Temporal discounting and conduct disorder in adolescents. J Pers Disord"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:55:54Z","timestamp":1777388154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cap.2020.0001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5463","1557-8992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}