{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:07:48Z","timestamp":1793934468927,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the use of three commonly prescribed psychotropic medications in youth placed in residential care (RC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were youth aged 0\u201320 years placed in RC institutions at least once during 2016. Data on filled prescriptions were taken from the Norwegian Prescription Database to compare the use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and stimulants in RC with the age- and gender-adjusted general child population (GenPop) and how this co-varied with reasons for RC placement, age, and gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One thousand eight hundred fifty-six children and adolescents were identified in RC, with mean age 14 (range 0\u201320 years), 46% girls, 81%\u2009\u2265\u200913 years. Among those, 423 or 23% used any of the 3 psychotropics, which was significantly more than the 3.7% in GenPop. The prevalence ratios RC\/GenPop were 6.6 for antidepressants, 17.9 for antipsychotics, and 4.4 for stimulants. The median number of days per year for the dispensed defined daily doses varied from 8.3 to 244.0 for the different antipsychotics, indicating short time use for most of the people. Polypharmacy was not frequent in RC, as only 26% used \u22652 classes of medication, but still significantly more frequent than the 10% in GenPop. Youth placed in RC for serious behavior problems had significantly higher use of stimulants than those with other placement reasons. Psychotropics were not used below age 6 years, and although the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics overall increased with age, stimulants were mostly used by 6\u201316-year olds. The girl\/boy ratio for any psychotropic medication use in RC was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.1\u20131.6), significantly higher than the corresponding ratio in GenPop: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.9\u20131.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present findings do not necessarily suggest an overtreatment with medication in RC. However, the frequent short-term use of antipsychotics, presumably for non-psychotic symptoms, is a concern, as it may reflect that the youth are not provided with the recommended first-line psychological treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T11:53:06Z","timestamp":1614340386000},"page":"350-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Use of Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, and Stimulants in Youth Residential Care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Beate","family":"Oerbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Romvig","family":"Overgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidar","family":"Hjellvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway."},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland University College of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen G","family":"Bramness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway."},{"name":"Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway."},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT\u2014The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490600864157"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy188"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.6.706"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12812"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0094"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0516"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","article-title":"Psychopharmacology and aggression-1: A meta-analysis of stimulant effects on overt\/covert aggression-related behaviors in ADHD","author":"Connor DF","year":"2002","unstructured":"Connor DF, , Glatt SJ, , Lopez ID, , Jackson D, , Melloni RH: Psychopharmacology and aggression-1: A meta-analysis of stimulant effects on overt\/covert aggression-related behaviors in ADHD. 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