{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:15:36Z","timestamp":1777493736892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine the clinical predictors of clozapine response in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS)\/schizoaffective disorder and the effect of substance use disorder (SUD) on treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of patients with treatment-resistant EOS receiving clozapine were identified for data analysis dated between January 2015 and April 2020. Patients on clozapine were followed in an inpatient unit of a tertiary care mental health hospital. Using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), \u226530% reduction was defined as the response criteria after clozapine treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 50 subjects (age: 16.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 years, 36.0% female), 22 subjects (44.0%) met the defined response criteria. Clozapine responder (CLZ-R) and clozapine nonresponder (CLZ-NR) groups were similar regarding age at illness onset, sex, and duration of untreated psychosis. The CLZ-R group had higher baseline positive PANSS scores (24.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1 vs. 17.1\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.0) and total PANSS scores (94.8\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2 vs. 80.1\u2009\u00b1\u200919.8,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.8) compared with the CLZ-NR counterparts. The duration of hospital stay was longer in the CLZ-NR group (122.3\u2009\u00b1\u200948.2 vs. 87.3\u2009\u00b1\u200936.2 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). Among 32 male patients, the presence of SUD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099, 28.1%) was associated with a less reduction in total PANSS scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.5,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) and higher levels of positive symptoms at the end of the treatment (12.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 vs. 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.0). Synthetic cannabinoids were the most common substance type used among males with treatment-refractory EOS (25.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results did not support the role of sociodemographic variables in clozapine response. Positive symptoms and SUD yielded a prognostic value in patients receiving clozapine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T17:16:04Z","timestamp":1626801364000},"page":"504-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigating Predictors of Clozapine Response in Adolescents with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Gul","family":"Karacetin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cagatay","family":"Ermis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, \u0130zmir, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Bulanik Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yesim","family":"Saglam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th ed. 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