{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:21:29Z","timestamp":1777494089844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding how development influences medication and placebo responses in anxiety disorders could inform treatment decisions, including age-specific first- versus second-line psychopharmacological interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To meta-analytically compare the trajectory of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin\u2013norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and placebo response in youth and adults with anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Weekly symptom severity data were extracted from prospective, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials of SSRIs and SNRIs in children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders (generalized, separation, and social anxiety disorders as well as panic disorder). Treatment response was modeled for the standardized change in continuous measures of anxiety using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Change in symptom severity was evaluated as a function of time, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses were conducted to determine the sensitivity of these results across sample heterogeneity and alternative functional forms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were included from 11 trials of youth (SSRI, \u03ba = 7; SNRI, \u03ba = 4) and 71 studies of adults (SSRI, \u03ba = 46; SNRI, \u03ba = 25). In total, 1067 youth participated in SSRI trials and 1024 in SNRI trials. In total, 10,826 adults participated in SSRI trials (placebo,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5367; SSRI\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5,459) and 6232 in SNRI trials (placebo,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3,128; SNRI\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3,094). A logarithmic model best described the response. Placebo response was similar in youth and adults (mean difference = \u22121.98\u2009\u00b1\u20096.21, 95% credible interval [CrI]: \u221210.2 to 14.2,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.750), and statistically significant improvement from baseline emerged by week 2 in both adults (mean difference: \u221218.34\u2009+\u20091.017, 95% CrI: \u221220.3 to 16.3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and youth (mean difference: \u221223.74\u2009+\u20093.736, 95% CrI: \u221231.1 to \u221216.4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). SSRIs produced similar improvements for youth and adults (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.129), but SNRIs produced slower improvement in youth than adults (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressant-related improvement occurs early in youth and adults with anxiety disorders. SSRI response is similar in adults and youth; however, SNRIs produce greater responses in adults than youth, potentially representing a developmental effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2024.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T04:53:35Z","timestamp":1716785615000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Impact of Development on Antidepressant and Placebo Response in Anxiety Disorders: A Bayesian Hierarchical Meta-Analytic Examination of Randomized Controlled Trials in Children, Adolescents, and Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Lindner College of Business, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Strawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Divisions of Clinical and Translational Pharmacology and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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