{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:41:30Z","timestamp":1788921690949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment studies in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FMR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockout rodent models have found that minocycline and lovastatin each improve synaptic, neurological, and behavioral functioning, and open-label chronic dosing studies in human patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have demonstrated modest clinical improvements. Findings from blinded studies are mixed, and there is a limited understanding of electrophysiological target engagement that would facilitate cross-species translational studies. Smaller-scale, acute (e.g., single-dose) drug studies may speed treatment identification by detecting subtle electrophysiological and behavioral changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine participants with FXS (31% female) ages 15\u201345 years completed a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in which they received a single oral dose of 40 mg of lovastatin, 270 mg of minocycline, or placebo, with a 2-week washout period between dosing visits. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and three EEG paradigms (resting state; auditory chirp; auditory habituation) before and 4 hours after dosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No serious adverse events were reported, and both drugs were well-tolerated. Compared with placebo, there were no overall treatment effects for any outcomes, including EEG, but several modest drug responses varied as a function of sex and age. Lovastatin treatment was associated with improved spatial awareness in older participants and females compared with minocycline and placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We show that single-dose drug studies are highly feasible in FXS and that patients with FXS can complete a range of EEG and behavioral tasks, many of which have been shown to be reliable and may therefore be sensitive to subtle drug target engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute single doses of lovastatin or minocycline did not lead to changes in electrophysiological or performance-based measures. This may be due to the limited effects of these drugs in human patients or limited acute effects relative to chronic dosing. However, the study design was further validated for use in neurodevelopmental populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2024.0103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T06:41:38Z","timestamp":1733726498000},"page":"211-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose, Crossover Trial of Lovastatin or Minocycline in Fragile X Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5281-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walker S.","family":"McKinney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"De Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Ethridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Dauterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Rosselot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fragile X Foundation, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest V.","family":"Pedapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"Reisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3775-2479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli C.","family":"Dominick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heidt Center of Excellence, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao0498"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0564-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.061796"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9193-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36750"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.762967"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1044546041649011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9186-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2019.00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","unstructured":"Gamer M Lemon J Singh P. Various Coefficients of Interrater Reliability and Agreement. 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000125321.92112.7e"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.21-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-019-9262-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36511"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-022-09455-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials","author":"Jones B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones B, , Kenward M. Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01796-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-122.6.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-4-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318287cd17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bionps.2023.100070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00771"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10090629"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2024.510"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3222"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0097-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00404"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-91"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03395-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2019.00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1370-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-022-00527-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113494105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2975-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-020-09315-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02580.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807248105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9191-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040472"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.06.015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cap.2024.0103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2024.0103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2024.0103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T11:06:09Z","timestamp":1781348769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cap.2024.0103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cap.2024.0103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2024.0103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5463","1557-8992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]}}}