{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:23:27Z","timestamp":1777494207677,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection has been implicated in the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults and children. While outcomes of COVID-19 infection and vaccination have been tracked in the general pediatric population, little is known of their impact on children with preexisting neuropsychiatric syndromes, including pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). The aim of this study is to understand the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms and PANS\/PANDAS symptoms following COVID-19 infection or vaccination in children with PANS\/PANDAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed retrospective COVID-19 survey data from caregivers of youth with PANS\/PANDAS at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 57) and the International PANS Registry (IPR;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 478). Surveys were conducted online between late 2021 and early 2022 to collect COVID-19 infection and vaccination histories, side effects, and changes in PANS\/PANDAS symptoms. Descriptive results are reported, stratified by case and sibling groups within the IPR sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among patients with test-confirmed COVID-19 (MGH:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20, IPR:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 65 cases,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16 siblings), mild\/minor COVID-19 symptoms were common (62\u201375%). All patients with preexisting PANS\/PANDAS-related symptoms at the time of COVID-19 infection experienced an exacerbation of PANS\/PANDAS symptoms, while remitted patients did not report any PANS\/PANDAS symptoms. Following the first COVID-19 vaccine dose (MGH:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45, IPR:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 150 cases,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 44 siblings), fatigue was the predominant side effect (30\u201356%). Most patients did not report new (59\u201381%) or worsened (71\u201382%) PANS symptoms post-vaccination, irrespective of symptomatic status at vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy often stemmed from concerns that the vaccination would cause an exacerbation of PANS\/PANDAS symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In two samples of children with PANS\/PANDAS, symptoms of COVID-19 following infection and vaccination were common and generally mild to moderate. Children experiencing PANS\/PANDAS symptoms at the time of COVID-19 infection experienced an increase in PANS\/PANDAS symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2024.0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T21:49:49Z","timestamp":1742852989000},"page":"294-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Syndromes: Updates on COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"O\u2019Dor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research and Advocacy Initiative, Richmond, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Zagaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Carlisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia M.","family":"Downer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Masterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1516\/7\/2421-4248\/jpmh2020.61.3.1530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2022.29224.bjc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Vaccination Coverage for Selected Diseases by Age 24 Months, by Race and Hispanic Origin, Poverty Level, and Location of Residence: United States, Birth Years 2010\u20132016","author":"CDC","year":"2021","unstructured":"CDC. 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