{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:23:21Z","timestamp":1777494201253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior studies have demonstrated that, in both adults and youth, bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic illness. However, no studies have examined polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in relation to the longitudinal course of mood symptoms in youth with BD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 246 youth of European ancestry with BD (7\u201320 years old at intake) from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study and Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder. Mood symptom severity was assessed at intake and, for 168 participants, prospectively for a median of 8.7 years. PRSs for BD, schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were constructed using genome-wide summary statistics from independent adult cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher BD-PRS was significantly associated with lower most severe lifetime depression score at intake (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03). Higher SCZ-PRS and MDD-PRS were associated with significantly less time spent in euthymia (SCZ-PRS:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02; MDD-PRS:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.22,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and more time with any subsyndromal mood symptoms (i.e., any mania, mixed, or depression symptoms; SCZ-PRS:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.15,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04; MDD-PRS:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) during follow-up. PRSs for BD and ADHD were not significantly associated with any longitudinal mood variable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory analysis was the first to examine psychiatric PRSs in relation to the prospective course of mood symptoms among youth with BD. Results from the current study can serve to guide future youth BD studies with larger sample sizes on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2024.0130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:24:49Z","timestamp":1741584289000},"page":"269-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychiatric Polygenic Risk Scores and Week-by-Week Symptomatic Status in Youth with Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clement C.","family":"Zai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Merranko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Trevor","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Birmaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 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