{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:43:01Z","timestamp":1777480981249,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personalizing neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) requires identifying biomarkers that predict treatment response. This study evaluates soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs) as predictive markers for neoadjuvant treatment response in LARC patients located in the middle and lower rectum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included patients diagnosed with clinical stage T3 or T4 rectal cancer (RC) based on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, with or without pelvic lymph node involvement. The modified Ryan scoring system was used to assess the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Blood samples were collected from all RC patients before initiating nCRT. Various sICPs (sCD25, 4-1BB, B7.2, free active TGF-\u03b21, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, galectin-9), along with age, gender, stage, blood cell counts, and biochemical variables, were recorded and compared based on tumor regression grade (TRG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 38 participants, lymphocyte count was higher, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count were lower in patients with complete\/near-complete response (TRG 0\/1). In addition, TRG 0\/1 patients had significantly lower levels of soluble galectin-9 than TRG 2\/3 patients. Furthermore, platelet count was the only parameter that showed a significant difference among the three groups (TRG 0\/1, TRG 2, and TRG 3). PLR demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity, with &gt;80% for both measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphocyte count, PLR, NLR, platelet count, and galectin-9 may help predict favorable neoadjuvant treatment response in LARC patients, although without providing a definitive outcome. Personalized therapy based on these markers could enhance treatment decision making in LARC management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T11:40:39Z","timestamp":1701085239000},"page":"247-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predicting the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using Soluble Immune Checkpoints"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Ari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Husnu","family":"Sevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mert Mahsuni","family":"Sevinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cihad","family":"Tatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Acibadem Taksim Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenan","family":"Buyukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aziz Ahmet","family":"Surel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ufuk Oguz","family":"Idiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30557-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"RAPIDO collaborative investigators","volume":"22","author":"Bahadoer RR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bahadoer RR, , Dijkstra EA, , van Etten B, et al. RAPIDO collaborative investigators. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2021; 22(1):29\u201342.","journal-title":"Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00079-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0275-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003471"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.03.245"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181fcb856"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0191-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Novel immunological approaches in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Bando H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bando H, , Tsukada Y, , Ito M, et al. Novel immunological approaches in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2022; 21(1):3\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25466-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212978"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy changes the landscape of soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Liu C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu C, , Wang P, , Sun Y, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy changes the landscape of soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Front Oncol, 2022; 12:756811.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.25493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00497"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1821-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2187\/3\/anticanres.12834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.7048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Effects of unidentified renal insufficiency on the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: A prospective, observational study","volume":"23","author":"Chen J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen J, , Wang XT, , Luo PH, et al. Effects of unidentified renal insufficiency on the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: A prospective, observational study. Support Care Cancer, 2015; 23:1043\u20131048.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i3.505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2017.0030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-011-9268-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-018-0173-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338211034291"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2184-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.02009.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402466"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01594"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005714"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-018-0978-0"}],"container-title":["Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:11:20Z","timestamp":1777385480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cbr.2023.0134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-9785","1557-8852"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-9785","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8852","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}