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However, long-term insulin injections lead to significant complications. \u03b2-cell replacement, derived from either a limited number of deceased donors or embryonic stem cells, offers an encouraging alternative. While these procedures allow patients to be insulin-independent, they still require systemic immunosuppressants to prevent graft rejection, which poses immunological challenges. Direct reprogramming holds considerable promise as a method for generating \u03b2-cells from various sources, enabling autologous therapies that mitigate the risk of immune rejection and eliminate the need to harvest cells from embryos. 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