{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:44:59Z","timestamp":1777484699504,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Childhood Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity leads to serious health consequences in children and is potentially associated with increased adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Nationally representative studies examining associations between obesity and ACEs are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between ACEs and childhood obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of children 10\u201317 years of age, who participated in the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a national population-based survey. Obesity was determined by CDC definitions using BMI calculated by the NSCH from self-reported height\/weight. Logistic regression, adjusted for key sociodemographic factors, determined differences in rates of ACEs between children with obesity (BMI \u226595th percentile) and those without (BMI &lt;95th percentile).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Weighted NSCH data included 29,696,808 children 10\u201317 years of age, 15% with obesity. Obesity was associated with having more ACEs compared to other children (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In adjusted analyses, children with obesity were more likely than other children to report most ACEs, including food\/housing insecurity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.64, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.26\u20132.13], parental divorce [1.67 (1.32\u20132.13)], witnessing physical violence [1.49 (1.03\u20132.16)], be a victim of violence [1.99, (1.27\u20133.12)], or live with a person with drug\/alcohol abuse [1.65, (1.24\u20132.2)]. Children with obesity were also more likely to report \u22654 ACEs compared to other children (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with obesity are more likely to report ACEs overall and have more ACEs compared to other children. Obesity negatively affects child health; in combination with ACEs, health outcomes of children may be disproportionately affected, highlighting the importance of preventive screening and social interventions in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2020.0261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T19:28:29Z","timestamp":1618946909000},"page":"342-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Associations between Obesity and Adverse Childhood Experiences in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Kyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA."},{"name":"Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, KS, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Halvorson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA."},{"name":"Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6844e1","article-title":"Vital signs: Estimated proportion of adult health problems attributable to adverse childhood experiences and implications for prevention\u201425 states, 2015\u20132017","volume":"68","author":"Merrick MT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merrick MT. Vital signs: Estimated proportion of adult health problems attributable to adverse childhood experiences and implications for prevention\u201425 states, 2015\u20132017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2019; 68. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.15585\/mmwr.mm6844e1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti VJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, , Anda RF, , Nordenberg D, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med, 1998; 14:245\u2013258.","journal-title":"The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. 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Acad Pediatr, 2017; 17(7 Suppl):S51\u2013S69.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00408-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Leveraging the Best Available Evidence. Atlanta GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. 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