{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:39:52Z","timestamp":1783575592380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Childhood Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been investigated in treating elevated triglycerides (TGs), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults, but has not been well studied in youth with obesity. This retrospective study examined the effectiveness of omega-3 as an adjunct therapy for these conditions in patients participating in a pediatric weight management program (PWMP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with a BMI \u226585th percentile and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT), TGs, or HDL, participating in our PWMP, were identified (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009617). Patients prescribed an omega-3 were classified as treated (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200968). Treated patients were matched (1:1) to untreated patients on the propensity for treatment. Generalized least squares regression was used to model the change in TGs, HDL, and ALT adjusted for baseline characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The treated (mean age 12.7 years, 60.3% male, TGs 218.7\u2009mg\/dL, ALT 49.6\u2009U\/L, HDL 34.9\u2009mg\/dL; 42.6% Hispanic, 72% severe obesity) and matched control patients showed improvement in point estimates in TGs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.62), HDL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18), and ALT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43) over follow-up, but the differences in change were not statistically significant. Greater improvement was observed for treated subjects over time in TGs (difference of 5% at 6.1\u201312 months; 10% at 12.1\u201318 months: 16% at 18.1\u201324 months) but was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.2).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study did not demonstrate that omega-3 therapy is of definitive benefit as an adjunct to lifestyle modification alone in children with obesity for hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL levels, or NAFLD. A randomized-controlled trial is required to determine the impact of omega-3 supplementation in treating these conditions in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2021.0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T17:25:08Z","timestamp":1618248308000},"page":"357-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Omega-3 Use for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia, Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0917-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin M.W.","family":"Stackpole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ollberding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6730-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Casson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Better Health and Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Fryar CD Carroll MD Afful J. 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