{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:29:21Z","timestamp":1792722561016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The CRISPR Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In recent years, there has been increasing demand for red tilapia, which are commercial strains of hybrids of different tilapiine species or red variants of highly inbred Nile tilapia. However, red tilapia phenotypes are genetically unstable and affected by environmental factors, resulting in nonuniform coloration with black or dark-red color blotches that reduce their market value. Solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2) is a membrane transporter that mediates melanin biosynthesis and is evolutionarily conserved from fish to humans. In the present study, we describe the generation of a stable and heritable red tilapia phenotype by inducing loss-of-function mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">slc45a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. For this purpose, we identified the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">slc45a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in Nile tilapia and designed highly specific guide RNAs (gRNA) for its genomic sequence. Multiplex microinjection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">slc45a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific ribonucleoproteins to Nile tilapia zygotes induced up to 97\u201399% albinism, including loss of melanin in the eye. Next-generation sequencing of the injected zygotes demonstrated that all injected fish carried mutant alleles with variable mutagenesis efficiencies. Sanger sequencing of the genomic target region in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">slc45a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene from fin clips, sperm, and F\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    offspring of a highly mutant male identified various genomic indels and germline transmission of the sperm-identified indels. Overall, this work demonstrates the generation of somatic and germline\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">slc45a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant alleles, which leads to complete albinism in Nile tilapia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2020.0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T10:00:55Z","timestamp":1629280855000},"page":"583-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Genome Editing Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System to Generate a Solid-Red Germline of Nile Tilapia (\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adi","family":"Segev-Hadar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel; and Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Slosman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel; and Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Rozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avner","family":"Cnaani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel; and Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Biran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel; and Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in Action","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization. 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