{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:41:52Z","timestamp":1790383312761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The CRISPR Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antibiotic resistance poses a global health crisis limiting the efficacy of available therapeutic agents. We explored CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials to combat multidrug resistance in methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA), targeting methicillin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    A), gentamicin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac<\/jats:italic>\n                    A), and ciprofloxacin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grl<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grl<\/jats:italic>\n                    B) resistance genes. Engineered CRISPR plasmids with specific single-guide RNAs were electroporated into MRSA strains. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assessed gene expression changes, while antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) evaluated resistance status. Results showed a 1.5-fold decrease in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    A, a 5.5-fold decrease in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grl<\/jats:italic>\n                    A, a 6-fold decrease in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grl<\/jats:italic>\n                    B, and a 4-fold decrease in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac<\/jats:italic>\n                    A expression. ASTs demonstrated the reversal of resistance to beta-lactam, quinolone, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Western blot analysis revealed a 70% decrease in penicillin-binding protein 2a expression. Sanger sequencing confirmed point mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grl<\/jats:italic>\n                    B and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac<\/jats:italic>\n                    A genes. Our findings highlight the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to restore antibiotic efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2024.0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T11:56:56Z","timestamp":1731067016000},"page":"374-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Targeting of Multidrug Resistance Genes in Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysegul","family":"Ates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmeceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4173-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cihan","family":"Tastan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6686-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safak","family":"Ermertcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmeceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-015-1723-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173867"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 10 global health issues to track in 2021. 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