{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:59:26Z","timestamp":1780984766884,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The CRISPR Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)\u2013CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technology has revolutionized genome editing across various biological systems, including the Apicomplexa phylum. This review describes the status, challenges, and applications of CRISPR\u2013Cas9 editing technology in apicomplexan parasites, such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The discussion encompasses successfully implemented CRISPR\u2013Cas9-based techniques in these parasites, highlighting the achieved milestones, from precise gene modifications to genome-wide screening. In addition, the review addresses the challenges hampering efficient genome editing, including the parasites\u2019 complex life cycles, multiple intracellular stages, and the lack of robust genetic tools. It further explores the ethical and policy considerations surrounding genome editing and the future perspectives of CRISPR\u2013Cas applications in apicomplexan parasites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2024.0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T07:43:37Z","timestamp":1728546217000},"page":"310-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genome Editing in Apicomplexan Parasites: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Possibilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5529-5198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethel","family":"Webi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein M.","family":"Abkallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Obiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ndegwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengsong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education &amp; Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. 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