{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T19:20:16Z","timestamp":1785612016481,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Abstract: Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003\/53\/EC and must not exceed 2\u2009ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from &lt;0.1 to &gt;70\u2009ppm. Twenty-one samples contained &gt;2\u2009ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained &gt;2\u2009ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained &gt;2\u2009ppm Cr(VI).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2022.0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T17:44:26Z","timestamp":1680284666000},"page":"323-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples from Countries within and outside the EU: A Study from the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9116-8268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Lejding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-824X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus Ejner","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmyla","family":"Derevyanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, Kyiv Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Elsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Leok","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gon\u00e7alo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"G\u00fclg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabanc\u0131 University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Tuzla-Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00e9ne","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Ljubojevic Hadzavdic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Ki\u0161pati\u0107eva, Zagreb, Croatia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puangpet","family":"Pailin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise A","family":"Schuttelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre of Groningen, Dermatology, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanisorn","family":"Sukakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushal","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Zimerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, 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