{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T21:14:46Z","timestamp":1783026886072,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        <jats:underline>Abstract:<\/jats:underline>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Exogenous allergens, found in cosmetic products, jewelry items, antiseptics and antibacterials, plants, and solvents, can cause clinical allergic contact Dermatitis (ACD). To help identify and discern which allergen is causing ACD, clinicians use patch tests, but they can yield false-negative results at times. Examining potential reasoning for false negatives is particularly helpful when a patient's history and physical examination strongly suggest ACD, and the patch test is negative. A strong history and physical presentation suggestive of ACD warrants additional patch testing or other methods to verify a false-negative patch test result. We conducted a literature review to compile various reasonings and solutions for false-negative patch tests in suspected ACD patients. Utilizing EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholars, 49 articles were included by using search terms such as \u201cFalse negative patch test\u201d or \u201cFalse-negative patch test\u201d and \u201callergic contact Dermatitis,\u201d or \u201cACD.\u201d Common factors that led to false-negative patch test results include low allergen concentration, inadequate percutaneous penetration, technique error, immunosuppressive therapy, and ultraviolet exposure. Potential solutions include using different vehicles, concentration, increasing reading time, repeating the patch test, intradermal testing, and repeat open application testing. If a false-negative patch test is suspected, then intradermal testing can be administered to ensure the specificity of the patch test result. Considering the main contributing factors and solutions to false-negative patch tests, clinicians can accurately diagnose ACD and administer proper treatment plans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2023.0065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T14:35:53Z","timestamp":1704465353000},"page":"345-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Overcoming False-Negative Patch Tests: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shayan","family":"Massoumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Dermatology, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Dermatology, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1893-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulysses","family":"C\u00e1zares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.803"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2020.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13322"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000836"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600070056006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01706.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13353"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1977.tb03699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000395"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Contact allergy to and other adverse effects of fragrances","volume":"1","author":"De Groot AC.","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Groot AC. 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