{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:32:08Z","timestamp":1791426728624,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Abstract: Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Allergic contact dermatitis is frequently caused by metals, including multiple metals simultaneously.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objectives:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    To assess characteristics and associations of positive and clinically relevant patch test (PT) reactions with solitary and concurrent metal sensitization.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    A retrospective analysis of PT results for nickel, cobalt, and\/or chromium from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group between 2001 and 2018 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943,522).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    18.0% had a positive\/allergic reaction to nickel sulfate hexahydrate, 7.3% to cobalt chloride hexahydrate, and 3.0% to potassium dichromate. 87.9% patients had a currently relevant reaction to 0, 9.4% to 1, and 2.7% to multiple metals tested. Patients with 1 versus no currently relevant reactions to metal were more likely to have a primary dermatitis site of trunk, feet, and ears; patients with currently relevant reactions to multiple metals had more dermatitis affecting the trunk and ears. Metal sources varied by co-reacting metal, especially for patients with cobalt and chromium allergy. Jewelry was the most commonly identified source of nickel and cobalt for both solitary and concurrent metal allergy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Sensitization to multiple metals occurred in 6% of patients. Allergen sources varied between patients with sensitivity to 1 metal versus those who had concurrent sensitivity to cobalt and\/or chromium.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2023.0139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T16:58:54Z","timestamp":1701795534000},"page":"152-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Patch Testing with Nickel, Cobalt, and Chromium in Patients with Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"DeKoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7434-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber R.","family":"Atwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Sasseville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo J.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Qu\u00e9bec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 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