{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:17:45Z","timestamp":1777555065426,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Abstract: Background<\/jats:underline>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves are recommended as a safe alternative for patients with rubber accelerator allergy. However, allergic contact dermatitis to other chemicals in PVC gloves has been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Objective<\/jats:underline>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze single-use PVC medical examination gloves in the United States for the presence of potential contact allergens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Methods<\/jats:underline>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 20 unique PVC gloves were analyzed in triplicate for 6 chemicals: benzisothiazolinone, bisphenol A, mono(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Results<\/jats:underline>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 20 PVC gloves contained detectable quantities of benzisothiazolinone (range, 0.001\u20131.48 parts per million [ppm]), bisphenol A (0.01\u20130.11\u2009ppm), triphenyl phosphate (0.01\u20132.11\u2009ppm), and triphenyl phosphite (0.001\u20130.22\u2009ppm). Eighteen (90%) gloves contained mono(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (0.001\u20130.14\u2009ppm) and 3 (15%) contained tricresyl phosphate (0.001\u20130.002\u2009ppm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Conclusions<\/jats:underline>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Known allergens were present in all 20 PVC gloves. However, the detected levels were mostly low and their relationship with sensitization and elicitation thresholds requires further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2023.0150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1693914826000},"page":"160-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Contact Allergens in Polyvinyl Chloride Examination Gloves in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6522-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2547","volume-title":"Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology","author":"Li BS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li BS, , Estlander T, , Jolanki R, et al. Advantages and disadvantages of gloves. In: John SM, , Johansen JD, , Rustemeyer T, et al., eds. Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology. 3rd ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2020:2547\u20132561."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36335-2_74","volume-title":"Contact Dermatitis","author":"Aalto-Korte K. C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aalto-Korte K. C, ontact allergy to protective gloves. In: Johansen J, , Mahler V, , Lepoittevin JP, et al., eds. Contact Dermatitis. 6th ed. 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