{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1784723936511,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Abstract:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    There are certain demographic characteristics that may serve as risk factors for exposure to a contact allergen. Volatile alkyl nitrites, colloquially known as \u201cpoppers,\u201d are commonly inhaled by men who have sex with men (MSM) for their psychoactive and muscle-relaxing effects. They have been reported to cause either allergic contact Dermatitis\u00ae (ACD) or irritant contact Dermatitis\u00ae (ICD), termed \u201cpoppers Dermatitis\u00ae.\u201d We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to understand the patient population, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and clinical course of poppers Dermatitis\u00ae. Our search returned 13 articles detailing 18 patients total. Most patient cases were male (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913\/15; 87%), of whom 5 were MSM. The reports on the remaining 8 men did not disclose their sexual behaviors. The chemicals deemed responsible for adverse cutaneous side effects included amyl nitrite (6\/18; 33%), butyl nitrite (3\/18; 167%), isobutyl nitrite (2\/18; 11%), and an unspecified alkyl nitrite (7\/18, 39%). The most common diagnosis was ICD (10\/18; 56%). Only 3 patients underwent alkyl nitrite patch testing, with 2 testing positive for ACD. The most commonly involved anatomic sites were perinasal (13\/18; 72%) and perioral regions (10\/18; 56%). Rash morphology has been described as yellow crusting, impetigo-like, eczematous, vesicular, edematous, and erythematous. Ulceration can occur with direct skin contact to concentrated nitrite solution. Poppers Dermatitis\u00ae was often self-limited with complete resolution. Dermatologists should consider poppers Dermatitis\u00ae in those presenting with a characteristic midfacial rash, especially in MSM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2023.0157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T15:44:24Z","timestamp":1696347864000},"page":"198-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Poppers Dermatitis\u00ae: A Systematic Review on a Unique Form of Contact Dermatitis\u00ae in the MSM Community"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chavy","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the,  University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuk","family":"Burli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2173-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Liszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Mansh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howa","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Trinidad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6010-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1791373"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0196"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(14)70001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17217"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"365261","article-title":"Nitrite inhalants use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China","volume":"2014","author":"Li D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li D, , Yang X, , Zhang Z, et al. Nitrite inhalants use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:365261.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18127-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e3181c8e14a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.1.69.34801"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"Facial Dermatitis\u00ae in men due to inhalation of butyl nitrite","volume":"27","author":"Fisher AA","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fisher AA, , Brancaccio RR, , Jelinek JE. Facial Dermatitis\u00ae in men due to inhalation of butyl nitrite. Cutis. 1981; 27(2):146, 152\u2013153.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"e15276","article-title":"Poppers-induced methemoglobinemia: a curious case of the blues","volume":"13","author":"Tello DM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tello DM, , Doodnauth AV, , Patel KH, et al. Poppers-induced methemoglobinemia: a curious case of the blues. Cureus. 2021; 13(5):e15276.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"e16099","article-title":"Amyl nitrite-induced hemolytic anemia: acute therapy and prevention","volume":"13","author":"Elshikh AH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elshikh AH, , Kango G, , Baalbaki M, et al. Amyl nitrite-induced hemolytic anemia: acute therapy and prevention. Cureus. 2021; 13(7):e16099.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2016-000015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00299.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2016.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/DERM.0000000000000959"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","volume-title":"Patch Testing, Fifth Edition: Test Concentrations and Vehicles for 4900 Chemicals","author":"de Groot AC","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Groot AC. Patch Testing, Fifth Edition: Test Concentrations and Vehicles for 4900 Chemicals. 5th ed. Wapserveen, the Netherlands: Acdegroot Publishing; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"Amyl Nitrite Inhalant USP Safety Data Sheet. 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The untimely popping phial: poppers as an unusual cause of skin corrosion of the thigh. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2020; 2020:2058624.","journal-title":"Case Rep Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"E30","article-title":"Symmetrical pruriginous nasal rash","volume":"104","author":"Navarrete-Dechent C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Navarrete-Dechent C, , Uribe P. Symmetrical pruriginous nasal rash. Cutis. 2019; 104(3):E30\u2013E31.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04212.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04230.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Vitiliginous lesions induced by amyl nitrite exposure","volume":"91","author":"Vine K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vine K, , Meulener M, , Shieh S, et al. Vitiliginous lesions induced by amyl nitrite exposure. 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