{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:36:25Z","timestamp":1781278585343,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Abstract:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Topical minoxidil is generally well tolerated, yet there have been a few reports of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) confirmed through patch testing. This systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis sought to elucidate the primary allergens in patients exhibiting ACD in response to topical minoxidil formulations and to ascertain the appropriate testing concentrations and vehicles of minoxidil itself. A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases utilizing the keywords \u201cminoxidil\u201d and \u201ccontact dermatitis,\u201d or \u201ccontact allergy,\u201d or \u201ccontact eczema.\u201d Studies documenting ACD in patients using topical minoxidil confirmed by patch testing were deemed eligible. Our analysis included 46 studies encompassing 99 patients with patch-test-confirmed ACD to minoxidil-based topical treatments. The majority of these patients (93.9%) were exposed to minoxidil without additional active components. Minoxidil itself was identified as the primary allergen in 74.7% of the patients, with propylene glycol being the next most common allergen at 17.1%. Other allergens identified included estradiol, butylene glycol, methylchloroisothiazolinone\/methylisothiazolinone, canrenone, and latanoprost. The most effective concentration was found to be 2% minoxidil in propylene glycol, which yielded a 100% positivity rate. The findings indicate that minoxidil is the predominant allergen in ACD reactions to its topical formulations, followed by propylene glycol. For the accurate diagnosis of ACD related to minoxidil, patch testing with 2% minoxidil in propylene glycol is recommended, as are separate tests for propylene glycol and other potential allergenic ingredients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2024.0092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1718629568000},"page":"200-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Topical Preparations Containing Minoxidil: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rungsima","family":"Kiratiwongwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waranya","family":"Boonchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silada","family":"Kanokrungsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2022.09.006","article-title":"Female-pattern hair loss: Therapeutic update","volume":"98","author":"Muller Ramos P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muller Ramos P, , Melo DF, , Radwanski H, et al. Female-pattern hair loss: Therapeutic update. An Bras Dermatol. 2023; 98(4):506\u2013519.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Patel P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel P, , Nessel TA, , Kumar DD. Minoxidil. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29494000 [Last Accessed: November 24, 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2023.07.005","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia: An update","volume":"13","author":"Ntshingila S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ntshingila S, , Oputu O, , Arowolo AT, et al. Androgenetic alopecia: An update. JAAD Int. 2023; 13:150\u2013158.","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S214907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.119104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13228"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000248316","article-title":"Explosive eruption of pyogenic granuloma on the scalp due to topical combination therapy of minoxidil and retinoic acid","volume":"179","author":"Baran R","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baran R. Explosive eruption of pyogenic granuloma on the scalp due to topical combination therapy of minoxidil and retinoic acid. Dermatologica. 1989; 179(2):76\u201378.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70123-6","article-title":"Effect of ultraviolet light on topical minoxidil-induced hair growth in advanced male pattern baldness","volume":"16","author":"Pestana A","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pestana A, , Olsen EA, , Delong ER, et al. Effect of ultraviolet light on topical minoxidil-induced hair growth in advanced male pattern baldness. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987; 16(5 Pt 1):971\u2013976.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000248901","article-title":"Topical minoxidil in extensive alopecia areata, including 3-year follow-up","volume":"175","author":"Price VH","year":"1987","unstructured":"Price VH. Topical minoxidil in extensive alopecia areata, including 3-year follow-up. Dermatologica. 1987; 175(Suppl 2):36\u201341.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02755.x","article-title":"Use of topical minoxidil therapy for androgenetic alopecia in women","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs JP","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jacobs JP, , Szpunar CA, , Warner ML. Use of topical minoxidil therapy for androgenetic alopecia in women. Int J Dermatol., 1993; 32(10):758\u2013762.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650400039010","article-title":"Alopecia areata treated with topical minoxidil","volume":"120","author":"Weiss VC","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weiss VC, , West DP, , Fu TS, et al. Alopecia areata treated with topical minoxidil. Arch Dermatol. 1984; 120(4):457\u2013463.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660140070020","article-title":"Topical minoxidil dose-response effect in alopecia areata","volume":"122","author":"Fiedler-Weiss VC","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fiedler-Weiss VC, , West DP, , Buys CM, et al. Topical minoxidil dose-response effect in alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol. 1986; 122(2):180\u2013182.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ineffectiveness of topical minoxidil in alopecia areata","volume":"5","author":"Fiellner B","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fiellner B, , Ros AM. Ineffectiveness of topical minoxidil in alopecia areata. J Appl Cosmetol. 1987; 5:121\u2013124.","journal-title":"J Appl Cosmetol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Topical minoxidil therapy for hereditary male pattern alopecia","volume":"39","author":"Roenigk HH","year":"1987","unstructured":"Roenigk HHJr., , Pepper E, , Kuruvilla S. Topical minoxidil therapy for hereditary male pattern alopecia. Cutis. 1987; 39(4):337\u2013342.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14325"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"334","article-title":"The identification of trichoscopic features of allergic scalp contact dermatitis: A pilot-study of a single center","volume":"158","author":"Starace M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Starace M, , Bruni F, , Marcondes MT, et al. The identification of trichoscopic features of allergic scalp contact dermatitis: A pilot-study of a single center. Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 2023; 158(4):334\u2013340.","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453530"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12931","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol as marker for nitrofurazone allergy: 20 years of experience from Turkey","volume":"78","author":"\u00d6zkaya E","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d6zkaya E, , K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 S. Polyethylene glycol as marker for nitrofurazone allergy: 20 years of experience from Turkey. Contact Dermatitis., 2018; 78(3):211\u2013215.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02568.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02644.x","article-title":"Topical minoxidil sensitization in androgenic alopecia","volume":"17","author":"van der Willigen AH","year":"1987","unstructured":"van der Willigen AH, , Dutr\u00e9e-Meulenberg RO, , Stolz E, et al. Topical minoxidil sensitization in androgenic alopecia. Contact Dermatitis., 1987; 17(1):44\u201345.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05491.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80171-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00876.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.58557","article-title":"Videodermoscopy does not enhance diagnosis of scalp contact dermatitis due to topical minoxidil","volume":"1","author":"Tosti A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tosti A, , Donati A, , Vincenzi C, et al. Videodermoscopy does not enhance diagnosis of scalp contact dermatitis due to topical minoxidil. International Journal of Trichology., 2009; 1(2):134\u2013137.","journal-title":"International Journal of Trichology."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000441622","article-title":"Scalp psoriasiform contact dermatitis with acute telogen effluvium due to topical minoxidil treatment","volume":"1","author":"La Placa M","year":"2016","unstructured":"La Placa M, , Balestri R, , Bardazzi F, et al. Scalp psoriasiform contact dermatitis with acute telogen effluvium due to topical minoxidil treatment. Skin Appendage Disord., 2016; 1(3):141\u2013143.","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.027","article-title":"How safe is prescribing oral minoxidil in patients allergic to topical minoxidil","volume":"86","author":"Therianou A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Therianou A, , Vincenzi C, , Tosti A. How safe is prescribing oral minoxidil in patients allergic to topical minoxidil? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 86(2):429\u2013431.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02542.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to minoxidil","volume":"13","author":"Degreef H","year":"1985","unstructured":"Degreef H, , Hendrickx I, , Dooms-Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis to minoxidil. Contact Dermatitis., 1985; 13(3):194\u2013195.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02658.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01561.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon CG","volume":"22","author":"Aguirre Martin-Falero A","year":"1990","unstructured":"Aguirre Martin-Falero A, , Calder\u00f2n Gutierrez MJ, , D\u00edaz-P\u00e9rez JL. Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon CG. Contact Dermatitis., 1990; 22(3):185.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Contact dermatitis due to minoxidil","volume":"57","author":"Pasricha JS","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pasricha JS, , Nanda A, , Bajaj N. Contact dermatitis due to minoxidil. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 1991; 57:235\u2013236.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00308.x","article-title":"Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil","volume":"26","author":"Veraldi S","year":"1992","unstructured":"Veraldi S, , Benelli C, , Pigatto PD. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil. Contact Dermatitis., 1992; 26(3):211\u2013212.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680150083011","article-title":"The importance of proper vehicle selection in the detection of minoxidil sensitivity","volume":"128","author":"Whitmore SE","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whitmore SE. The importance of proper vehicle selection in the detection of minoxidil sensitivity. Archives of Dermatology., 1992; 128(5):653\u2013656.","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00798.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05747.x","article-title":"Pustular allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil","volume":"38","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Motilla JM","year":"1998","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Motilla JM, , Pont V, , Nagore E, et al. Pustular allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil. Contact Dermatitis., 1998; 38(5):283\u2013284.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Alternative formulation for patients with contact reactions to topical 2% and 5% minoxidil vehicle ingredients","volume":"42","author":"Scheman AJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheman AJ, , West DP, , Hordinksy MK, et al. Alternative formulation for patients with contact reactions to topical 2% and 5% minoxidil vehicle ingredients. Contact Dermatitis. 2000; 42(4):241.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2002.00620.x","article-title":"Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia","volume":"43","author":"Sinclair RD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sinclair RD, , Mallari RS, , Tate B. Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia. Aust J Dermatol. 2002; 43:311\u2013312.","journal-title":"Aust J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil: Study of the cross-reaction to minoxidil","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suzuki K, , Suzuki M, , Akamatsu H, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from minoxidil: Study of the cross-reaction to minoxidil. Am J Contact Dermat. 2002; 13(1):45\u201346.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460416.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01107.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis produced by canrenone","volume":"57","author":"Blaya B","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blaya B, , Gonz\u00e1lez M, , Rat\u00f3n JA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis produced by canrenone. Contact Dermatitis., 2007; 57(3):197.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01996.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2010.10026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"476","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis associated with topical minoxidil: A case report","volume":"70","author":"Yildirim E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yildirim E, , Baccioglu A, , Kalpaklioglu AF. Allergic contact dermatitis associated with topical minoxidil: A case report. Allergy. 2015; 70:476.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to topical minoxidil solution","volume":"27","author":"Foti C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foti C. Allergic contact dermatitis due to topical minoxidil solution. Eur J Pediatr Dermatol. 2017; 27:122.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"e12510","article-title":"A case of contact allergic dermatitis to topical minoxidil","volume":"13","author":"BinJadeed H","year":"2021","unstructured":"BinJadeed H, , Almudimeegh AM, , Alomran SA, et al. A case of contact allergic dermatitis to topical minoxidil. Cureus., 2021; 13(1):e12510.","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to minoxidil and estradiol-17 alpha","volume":"76","author":"L\u00f3pez Guerrero A","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez Guerrero A, , Navarrete Del Pino MA, , Anaya Anaya S, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to minoxidil and estradiol-17 alpha. Allergy. 2021; 76:235.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13670"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14117","article-title":"Unusual clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis to topical minoxidil","volume":"87","author":"Feryel A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feryel A, , Mouna K, , Nesrine BS, et al. Unusual clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis to topical minoxidil. Contact Dermatitis., 2022; 87(2):192\u2013193.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030831","article-title":"Acute Localized Exanthematous Pustulosis (ALEP) caused by topical application of minoxidil","volume":"12","author":"Makris M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Makris M, , Kanelleas A, , Papapostolou N, et al. Acute Localized Exanthematous Pustulosis (ALEP) caused by topical application of minoxidil. J Clin Med. 2023; 12(3):831.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00456b.x","article-title":"Positive lymphocyte transformation test in a patient with allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp after short-term use of topical minoxidil solution","volume":"53","author":"Hagemann T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hagemann T, , Schl\u00fctter-B\u00f6hmer B, , Allam JP, et al. Positive lymphocyte transformation test in a patient with allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp after short-term use of topical minoxidil solution. Contact Dermatitis., 2005; 53(1):53\u201355.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12371","article-title":"Persisting allergic patch test reaction to minoxidil manifested as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia","volume":"72","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rodi\u00f1o S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Rodi\u00f1o S, , Espasand\u00edn-Arias M, , Su\u00e1rez-Pe\u00f1aranda JM, et al. Persisting allergic patch test reaction to minoxidil manifested as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Contact Dermatitis., 2015; 72(6):413\u2013416.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000249235","article-title":"Topical minoxidil useful in 18% of patients with androgenetic alopecia: A study of 430 cases","volume":"173","author":"Tosti A","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tosti A. Topical minoxidil useful in 18% of patients with androgenetic alopecia: A study of 430 cases. Dermatologica. 1986; 173(3):136\u2013138.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)80003-8","article-title":"Topical minoxidil solution (1% and 5%) in the treatment of alopecia areata","volume":"16","author":"Fiedler-Weiss VC","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fiedler-Weiss VC. Topical minoxidil solution (1% and 5%) in the treatment of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol., 1987; 16(3 Pt 2):745\u2013748.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2023.0143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450601.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for Minoxidil. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Minoxidil [Last accessed: November24 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","volume-title":"Fisher\u2019s contact dermatitis 6","author":"Rietschel RL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rietschel RL, , Fowler JF. Fisher\u2019s contact dermatitis 6. 6th ed. BC Decker: Hamilton, Ontario; 2008.","edition":"6"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/derm.2024.0092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/derm.2024.0092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/derm.2024.0092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:09:01Z","timestamp":1777399741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/derm.2024.0092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/derm.2024.0092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/derm.2024.0092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}