{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:09:42Z","timestamp":1787008182945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Abstract:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    There is no doubt that global warming, with its extreme heat events, is having an increasing impact on human health. Heat is not independent of ambient temperature but acts synergistically with relative humidity (RH) to increase the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Although the skin is the organ in direct contact with the environment, it is currently unknown whether skin health is similarly affected.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    While mechanistic studies have demonstrated the mechanism of thermal aging, this is the first epidemiological study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to heat index (HI) as a combined function of elevated ambient temperature and RH on skin aging phenotypes in Indian women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    The skin aging phenotypes of 1510 Indian women were assessed using the Score of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Skin Aging (SCINEXA\u2122) scoring tool. We used data on ambient temperature and RH, combined into an HI with solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and air pollution (particulate matter &lt;2.5 \u00b5m [PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5]<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; nitrogen dioxide [NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]) from secondary data sources with a 5-year mean residential exposure window. An adjusted ordinal multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of HI on skin aging phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    HI increased pigmentation such as hyperpigmented macula on the forehead (odds ratios [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 1.54) and coarse wrinkles such as crow\u2019s feet (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30) and under-eye wrinkles (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.47). These associations were robust to the confounding effects of solar UVR and age. Prolonged exposure to extreme heat, as indicated by high HI, contributes to skin aging phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:underline>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:underline>\n                    Thus, ambient temperature and RH are important factors in assessing the skin aging exposome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2024.0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:07:01Z","timestamp":1731557221000},"page":"72-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combined Effect of Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity on Skin Aging Phenotypes in the Era of Climate Change: Results from an Indian Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Wigmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prince","family":"Vijay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish C.","family":"Phuleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopa","family":"Majmudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amway Corporation, Ada, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amway Corporation, Ada, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8433-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Krutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Schikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"79","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Medical Association. 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