{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:06:17Z","timestamp":1792242377483,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (APPADL) measures the self-reported ability of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity to perform daily physical activities. The primary objective of this study was to estimate APPADL test\u2013retest reliability, responsiveness, and minimal important change (MIC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Study participants were individuals with T2DM and body mass index \u226530 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      enrolled in clinical weight loss programs in the United States. Data were obtained for clinical measures, APPADL, and other patient-reported instruments. APPADL test\u2013retest reliability was estimated with intraclass correlation coefficient. To estimate responsiveness in a subgroup of participants, baseline and 6-month data were analyzed using paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and calculation of responsiveness indices (e.g., effect size [ES]). To estimate MIC, both distribution-based and anchor-based methods were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Test\u2013retest data for 106 study participants (mean age, 52 years; 69% female; 31% white; mean body mass index, 38 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91. In the subgroup (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =40) used to estimate responsiveness, weight was significantly less at end point than at baseline (mean, 222.0 vs. 231.9 pounds;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001, ES=0.24), and APPADL scores were significantly better than at baseline (mean, 77.0 vs. 70.8;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01, ES=0.32). Results of distribution- and anchor-based methods to establish MIC suggest values of 6\u201314 points (0\u2013100 scale).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The APPADL has demonstrated reliability and validity. In addition, it has demonstrated responsiveness to weight loss in individuals with T2DM and obesity, thereby making it a potentially valuable tool in the evaluation of weight loss interventions (e.g., antihyperglycemic medications that produce weight loss) targeted toward patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T09:43:58Z","timestamp":1355132638000},"page":"1118-1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Test\u2013Retest, Responsiveness, and Minimal Important Change of the Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Risa P.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April N.","family":"Naegeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley H.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S4237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(85)90005-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000062554.74615.4C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Ware JE. SF-36\u00ae Health Survey Update. www.sf-36.org\/tools\/SF36.shtml. 2012January."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)85144-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023499322593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"875","article-title":"Effect of moderate weight loss on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of sibutramine vs placebo","volume":"7","author":"Samsa GP","year":"2001","unstructured":"Samsa GP, , Kolotkin RL, , Williams GR, , Nguyen MH, , Mendel CM. Effect of moderate weight loss on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of sibutramine vs placebo. Am J Manag Care, 2001; 7:875\u2013883.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.09.2046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150303700105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.05.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"What are the benefits of moderate weight loss?","volume":"106","author":"de Leiva A","year":"1998","unstructured":"de Leiva A. What are the benefits of moderate weight loss? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 1998; 106,Suppl 2:10\u201313.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation Research Food Drug Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Guidance for Industry: Developing Products for Weight Management. 2007. www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/ucm071612.pdf. 2012 March 25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation Research Center for Biologics Evaluation Research Center for Devices and Radiological Health Food and Drug Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Guidance for Industry: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. 2009. www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/UCM193282.pdf. 2012 March 25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27:1<101::AID-EAT12>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.M221"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/dia.2012.0123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2012.0123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2012.0123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:18:50Z","timestamp":1777400330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/dia.2012.0123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/dia.2012.0123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2012.0123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9156","1557-8593"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9156","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8593","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}