{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:33:08Z","timestamp":1783571588980,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study examined the pathophysiological abnormalities in Arab Americans with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and\/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion (HOMA-%\u03b2), and the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index composite (ISI\n composite<\/jats:sub>\n ) were calculated from the fasting and stimulated glucose and insulin concentrations measured during the oral glucose tolerance test in a population-based, representative, cross-sectional sample of randomly selected Arab Americans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n In total, 497 individuals (42\u00b114 years old; 40% males; body mass index [BMI], 29\u00b16\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) were studied. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to compare HOMA-IR, HOMA-%\u03b2, and ISI\n composite<\/jats:sub>\n among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =191) versus isolated IFG (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =136), isolated IGT (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =22), combined IFG\/IGT (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =43), and diabetes (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =105). Compared with individuals with NGT (2.9\u00b11.6), HOMA-IR progressively increased in individuals with isolated IFG (4.8\u00b12.7,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), combined IFG\/IGT (6.0\u00b14.3,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), and diabetes (9.7\u00b18.3,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001) but not in those with isolated IGT (3.0\u00b11.7,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.87). After adjustment for sex and BMI, these associations remained unchanged. Whole-body insulin sensitivity as measured by ISI\n composite<\/jats:sub>\n was significantly lower in individuals with isolated IFG (3.9\u00b12.3,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), isolated IGT (2.8\u00b11.5,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), combined IFG\/IGT (1.9\u00b11.1,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), and diabetes (1.6\u00b11.1,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001) compared with those with NGT (6.1\u00b13.5). HOMA-%\u03b2 was significantly lower in diabetes (113.7\u00b1124.9,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001) compared with NGT (161.3\u00b192.0). After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, isolated IFG (146.6\u00b180.2) was also significantly associated with a decline in HOMA-%\u03b2 relative to NGT (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.005).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n This study suggests that differences in the underlying metabolic defects leading to diabetes in Arab Americans with IFG and\/or IGT exist and may require different strategies for the prevention of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T12:40:44Z","timestamp":1375792844000},"page":"1019-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Arab Americans with Glucose Intolerance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Francine D.","family":"Salinitri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"},{"name":"Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy"},{"name":"University of North Carolina Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.12.1386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.11.2197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0951-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.6.1549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1388-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s221"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"A387","article-title":"Insulin resistance and secretion in Arab Americans with glucose intolerance [abstract 1488-P]","volume":"61","author":"Salinitri FD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salinitri FD, , Martin ET, , Pinelli NR, , Jaber LA: Insulin resistance and secretion in Arab Americans with glucose intolerance [abstract 1488-P]. Diabetes, 2012; 61(Suppl 1):A387.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-s064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.9.2204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.307"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0045","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:19:36Z","timestamp":1777400376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/dia.2013.0045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9156","1557-8593"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9156","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8593","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}}}