{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:44:27Z","timestamp":1777556667355,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body sway increases in the elderly because of normal aging and high incidence of disease such as diabetes. Prevalence of sway is greater in the elderly with diabetes because of damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Increase in body sway is associated with an elevated risk of falling. Falling is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to develop a new technique to improve body stability and decrease body sway in the elderly people with or without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two subjects\u201412 elderly (mean age, 75.5\u00b17.3 years) and 10 age-matched elderly with diabetes (mean age, 72.5\u00b15.3 years)\u2014were recruited for this study. Subjects received tactile feedback as a tingling sensation resulting from electrical stimulation triggered by body sway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed a significant reduction in body sway in the elderly while standing on foam with eyes open (1.0\u00b10.31 vs. 1.9\u00b10.8;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.006) and eyes closed (1.8\u00b10.7 vs. 3.3\u00b11.5;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001). In the group with diabetes, there was a significant reduction in body sway while standing on foam with eyes closed (1.4\u00b10.5 vs. 2.3\u00b10.8;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.045) but not with eyes open.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small study, this technique offers a new tool for training people with diabetes and elderly people to improve body stability and balance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T17:09:04Z","timestamp":1412874544000},"page":"822-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tactile Intervention as a Novel Technique in Improving Body Stability in Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Faris S.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerrold S.","family":"Petrofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman S.","family":"Alzoghbieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salem O.","family":"Dehom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Laymon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Touro University Nevada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Human balance and posture control during standing and walking","volume":"3","author":"Winter DA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Winter DA: Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture, 1995; 3:139\u2013214.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6056.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"U.S.. Department of Health and Human Services: Fast Facts on Diabetes. http:\/\/diabetes.niddk.nih.gov\/dm\/pubs\/statistics\/#fast (accessed April8 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Country and Regional Data on Diabetes. www.who.int\/diabetes\/facts\/world_figures\/en\/ (accessed April8 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"[Gait changes in elderly people]","volume":"23","author":"Baumann JU","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baumann JU: [Gait changes in elderly people]. Orthopade, 1994; 23:6\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V34N1p60"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)32171-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Dizziness in the elderly and age-related degeneration of the vestibular system","volume":"28","author":"Matheson AJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matheson AJ, , Darlington CL, , Smith PF: Dizziness in the elderly and age-related degeneration of the vestibular system. NZ J Psychol, 1999; 28:10\u201316.","journal-title":"NZ J Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diabetes in America","author":"Aubert RE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aubert RE, , Ballard DJ, , Barrett E, et al.: Diabetes in America. Bethesda, MD: National Diabetes Data Group of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995:1\u201315, 293\u2013339, 339\u2013349.","journal-title":"Bethesda, MD: National Diabetes Data Group of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90139-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.11.2069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2012.00699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.2.328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200101000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Falls Among Older Adults: An Overview. September 20 2013. www.cdc.gov\/homeandrecreationalsafety\/falls\/adultfalls.html (accessed April15 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/11.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2005.011015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2005.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00161-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900500139634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.6.M525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000022182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/19.3.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000615"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/dia.2014.0183","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2014.0183","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/dia.2014.0183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:15:27Z","timestamp":1777400127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/dia.2014.0183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/dia.2014.0183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2014.0183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9156","1557-8593"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9156","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8593","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}