{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:47:21Z","timestamp":1777556841823,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrointestinal electromodulation therapy is a novel alternative for achieving diabetes control without traditional bariatric surgery. We compared the efficacy of a meal-initiated implantable gastric contractility modulation (GCM) device with that of insulin therapy in obese Chinese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, for whom oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) had failed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen obese (body mass index, 27.5\u201340.0\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) T2D patients with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of &gt;7.5% on maximal doses of two or more OADs were offered either insulin therapy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =8) or laparoscopic implantation of a GCM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =8). We compared changes in body weight, waist circumference (WC), and HbA1c level 1 year after surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GCM and insulin groups had similar baseline body weight and HbA1c. At 12 months, body weight (\u22123.2\u00b15.2\u2009kg,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.043) and WC (\u22123.8\u00b14.5\u2009cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.021) fell in the GCM group but not in the insulin group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05 for between-group difference). At 6 and 12 months, the HbA1c level fell by 1.6\u00b11.1% and 0.9\u00b11.6% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.011), compared with 0.6\u00b10.3% and 0.6\u00b10.3% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.08) for the insulin group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.15 for between-group difference). The mean 24-h systolic blood pressure (BP) fell by 4.5\u00b11.0\u2009mm Hg in the GCM group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.017) but not in the insulin group. The GCM group required fewer antidiabetes medications (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05) and BP-lowering drugs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05) than the insulin group. A subgroup analysis showed that patients with a triglyceride level of &lt;1.7\u2009mmol\/L had a tendency toward a lower HbA1c level (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.090) compared with the controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In obese T2D patients for whom OADs had failed, GCM implantation was a well-tolerated alternative to insulin therapy, with a low triglyceride level as a possible predictor for glycemic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T17:08:50Z","timestamp":1424797730000},"page":"283-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Pilot Study to Compare Meal-Triggered Gastric Electrical Stimulation and Insulin Treatment in Chinese Obese Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Simon Kin-Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Pik-Shan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea On-Yan","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Wan-Sze","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold E.","family":"Lebovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enders Kwok-wai","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Chung-Ngor","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"International Association for the Study of Obesity. www.iaso.org\/policy\/aboutobesity\/ (accessed March3 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2000.00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.168118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1566","article-title":"Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four year results of the Look AHEAD trial","volume":"170","author":"Look AHEAD Research Group","year":"2010","unstructured":"Look AHEAD Research Group; Wing RR: Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four year results of the Look AHEAD trial. 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