{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:34:57Z","timestamp":1790246097958,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise helps individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D) manage their blood glucose (BG); however, exercise adherence in this population is dismal. In this pilot study we tested the efficacy of a self-monitoring group-based intervention using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) at increasing exercise adherence in individuals with impaired BG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen participants with prediabetes or T2D were randomized to an 8-week standard care exercise program (CON condition) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) or self-monitoring exercise intervention (SM condition) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096). Participants in the SM condition were taught how to self-monitor their exercise and BG, to goal set, and to use CGM to observe how exercise influences BG. We hypothesized that compared with the CON condition, using a real-time CGM would facilitate self-monitoring behavior, resulting in increased exercise adherence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant Condition \u00d7 Time interactions for self-monitoring (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), goal setting (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), and self-efficacy to self-monitor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), such that the SM condition showed greater increases in these outcomes immediately after the program and at the 1-month follow-up compared with the CON condition. The SM condition had higher program attendance rates (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), and a greater proportion of participants reregistered for additional exercise programs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) compared with the CON condition. Participants in both conditions experienced improvements in health-related quality of life, waist circumference, and fitness (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      values &lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide promising initial support for the use of a real-time CGM to foster self-monitoring and exercise behavior in individuals living with prediabetes or T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T12:24:14Z","timestamp":1455711854000},"page":"185-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Self-Monitoring Using Continuous Glucose Monitors with Real-Time Feedback Improves Exercise Adherence in Individuals with Impaired Blood Glucose: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn J.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Canadian Diabetes Association: Diabetes: Canada at the Tipping Point\u2014Charting a New Path. 2011. www.diabetes-canada-at-the-tipping-point\/ (accessed February7 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. 2011. www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/pubs\/estimates11.htm#12 (accessed January30 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Schwartz S Scheiner G: The role of continuous glucose monitoring in the management of type-1 and type-2 diabetes. 2012. http:\/\/integrateddiabetes.com\/Articles\/hcare\/cgm%20chapter.pdf (accessed January24 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-9990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318295cdbb"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01219.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"E855","article-title":"Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"264","author":"Hughes VA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hughes VA, , Fiatarone MA, , Fielding RA, et al.: Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. 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