{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:12:08Z","timestamp":1790957528384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Barriers to mealtime insulin include complexity, fear of injections, and lifestyle interference. This multicenter, randomized controlled trial evaluated efficacy, safety, and self-reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled on basal insulin, initiating and managing mealtime insulin with a wearable patch versus an insulin pen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adults with type 2 diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009278, age: 59.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9 years), were randomized to patch (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009139) versus pen (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009139) for 48 weeks, with crossover at week 44. Baseline insulin was divided 1:1 basal: bolus. Using a pattern-control logbook, subjects adjusted basal and bolus insulin weekly using fasting and premeal glucose targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change (least squares mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error) from baseline to week 24 (primary endpoint) improved (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in both arms, \u22121.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% and \u22121.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% for patch and pen (\u221218.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 and \u221217.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009mmol\/mol), and was maintained at 44 weeks. The coefficient of variation of 7-point self-monitoring blood glucose decreased more (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) from baseline to week 44 for patch versus pen. There were no differences in adverse events, including hypoglycemia (three severe episodes per arm), and changes in weight and insulin doses. Subject-reported treatment satisfaction, quality of life, experience ratings at week 24, and device preferences at week 48 significantly favored the patch. Most health care providers preferred patch for mealtime insulin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bolus insulin delivered by patch and pen using an algorithm-based weekly insulin dose titration significantly improved HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes, with improved subject and health care provider experience and preference for the patch.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T11:04:12Z","timestamp":1556276652000},"page":"273-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Implementation of Basal\u2013Bolus Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bolus Insulin Delivery Using an Insulin Patch with an Insulin Pen"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Bergenstal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Peyrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Maryland, Department of Sociology, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlene M.","family":"Dreon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calibra Medical, Johnson &amp; Johnson Diabetes Care Companies, Wayne, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita R.","family":"Aroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medstar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMCR 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