{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:57:31Z","timestamp":1777557451933,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycemia following pizza consumption is typically managed with a dual-wave insulin bolus. This study evaluated the effect of a simple bolus on glycemia following consumption of traditionally prepared pizzas with long (24\u2009h) or short (8\u2009h) dough fermentation periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On two separate evenings, children with type 1 diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938) receiving sensor-integrated pump therapy consumed traditionally prepared pizza with either short (pizza A) or long (pizza B) dough fermentation, and blood glucose was monitored over 11\u2009h. A simple insulin bolus was administered 15\u2009min preprandially. The carbohydrate and amino acid contents of the two types of pizza were analyzed by liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean (\u00b1standard deviation) time in range 3.9\u201310.0\u2009mmol\/L was 73.2%\u2009\u00b1\u200923.2%, and 50.8%\u2009\u00b1\u200926.7% of glucose measurements were within the range 3.9\u20137.8\u2009mmol\/L. However, during the 2\u2009h after bolus administration, the mean time in range 3.9\u20137.8\u2009mmol\/L was significantly greater with pizza B than with pizza A (73.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200931.5% vs. 51.8%\u2009\u00b1\u200937.4%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), and the time in hyperglycemia (&gt;10\u2009mmol\/L) was significantly shorter (mean percentage 6.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200919.0% vs. 17.7%\u2009\u00b1\u200929.8%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019). LC-HRMS analysis showed that long fermentation was associated with a lower carbohydrate content in the pizza, and a higher amino acid content.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycemia following consumption of traditionally prepared pizza can be managed using a simple bolus 15\u2009min before eating. Glycemic control can be further improved by increasing the dough fermentation time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT03748251, Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T15:10:52Z","timestamp":1563894652000},"page":"721-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Demystifying the Pizza Bolus: The Effect of Dough Fermentation on Glycemic Response\u2014A Sensor-Augmented Pump Intervention Trial in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Zanfardino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santino","family":"Confetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assunta Serena","family":"Rollato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Zanfardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Dario","family":"Troise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Portici, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Bologna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Stanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ohad","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Ch. 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