{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1784736174194,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves neonatal outcomes in type 1 diabetes pregnancies; however, its effectiveness has not been assessed in a real-world setting in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Triple C Study aimed to examine the clinical effectiveness, assessed through maternal glucose control and gestational health outcomes, of CGM use compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in pregnancies associated with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively identified 160 type 1 diabetes pregnancies at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes managed with CGM therapy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009109) or SMBG (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200951) over a 6.5-year period (2014\u20132020). Obstetric care was provided at multiple practices. CGM use was defined as \u226560% wear in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record system, hospital records, and vital statistics departments (Colorado and Wyoming). We used Student's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables to compare outcomes between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CGM group had more participants meeting trimester-specific hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) goals throughout pregnancy and postpartum (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01 in each time period). The CGM group had fewer participants never meeting HbA1c goals in any trimester than the SMBG group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes between groups, other than for macrosomia (12.8% CGM vs. 29.4% SMBG,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Infants of CGM users required a neonatal intensive care unit admission less often (52.9% CGM vs. 68.3% SMBG,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0989).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CGM use was associated with improved maternal glucose levels in a diverse real-world cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T12:09:32Z","timestamp":1708603772000},"page":"526-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancies Affected by Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Valerie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet K.","family":"Snell-Bergeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Malecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8100-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-0396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarit","family":"Polsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12590"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"314","article-title":"Maternal diabetes and perinatal outcomes in West Virginia Medicaid enrollees","volume":"102","author":"Gainor RE","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gainor RE, , Fitch C, , Pollard C. Maternal diabetes and perinatal outcomes in West Virginia Medicaid enrollees. W V Med J, 2006; 102(1):314\u2013316.","journal-title":"W V Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4314-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1155"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0580-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2018.v108i9.12992"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0579-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"Buschur E","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buschur E, , Stetson B, , Barbour LA. Diabetes in Pregnancy. In: Endotext. (Feingold KR, , Anawalt B, , Boyce A, et al. eds.) MDText.com, Inc.: South Dartmouth, MA; 2000. 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