{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:22Z","timestamp":1791849622394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate real-world outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes initiating open-source automated insulin delivery systems (OS-AID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with type 1 diabetes who commenced OS-AID, between May 2016 and April 2021, across 12 centers in the United Kingdom were included. Anonymized clinical data, collected during routine clinical care between December 2019 and November 2023, were submitted to a secure web-based tool within the National Health Service network. Outcomes included change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), sensor glucometrics, diabetes distress score, Gold score (hypoglycemia awareness), user opinion of OS-AID, and event rates (hospital admissions, paramedic callouts, severe hypoglycemia, and adverse events) between baseline and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 81 OS-AID users were included (51.9% male; 90.1% White British; mean age 41.4 years; median diabetes duration 25 years [IQR 17\u201332]). Over a mean follow-up of 1.7 years, HbA1c reduced by 0.8% (9 mmol\/mol) (7.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1% vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and the percentage of individuals achieving HbA1c \u2264 7.0% (53 mmol\/mol) increased from 48.6% to 75.7% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Diabetes-related distress score reduced by 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.3, \u22121.5;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006), and Gold score reduced by 0.7 (95% CI \u22120.1, \u22121.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022). The percentage of individuals with impaired hypoglycemia awareness (Gold score \u22654) reduced (27.8% at baseline vs. 8.3% at follow-up;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039). Of those asked, all participants stated that OS-AID had a positive impact on quality of life. The number of hospital admissions was low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of OS-AID is associated with long-term improvements in HbA1c, hypoglycemia awareness, and diabetes-related distress in type 1 diabetes. These benefits were achieved without increased rates of hospital admissions, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1737954127000},"page":"283-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-Term Improvements in Glycemia and User-Reported Outcomes Associated with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in the United Kingdom: A Real-World Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros L.","family":"Liarakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom."},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.J.","family":"Crabtree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom."},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufyan","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy\u2019s and St. Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, King\u2019s Health Partners, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Gazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buddhike","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselle","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Research, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Heath and Social Care Trust, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, Northern Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Health and Social Care Trust, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, Northern Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.J.","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma G.","family":"Wilmot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom."},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United 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How artificial pancreas \u201cclosed loop\u201d systems can aid you in living with diabetes. Lewis DM 2019 v 0. 0.7. Available from: https:\/\/www.artificialpancreasbook.com\/ [Last accessed: December8 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-964-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13810"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0535"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40326"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-1001-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3801"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820957728"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","unstructured":"NHS Health Research Authority. Confidentiality advisory group. 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