{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:28:50Z","timestamp":1773307730595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DNA and Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Numerous candidate genes have been proposed as susceptibility factors for the development of uterine leiomyoma. Interaction of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) plays a pivotal role in tunica muscularis uteri cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis of myometrium. To our knowledge, no study has examined the relationship between the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and uterine leiomyoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms with uterine leiomyoma in Chinese women. We investigated two common\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms, rs1256049 (G1082A) and rs928554 (Cx\u2009+\u200956 A\u2009\u2192\u2009G), to find their association with uterine leiomyoma risk by polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing method. A total of 150 Chinese women with clinically diagnosed uterine leiomyoma and 150 healthy, normal Chinese women were included in the study. The results suggest that there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms between uterine leiomyoma patients and controls in Chinese women (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Further studies are still needed to explore the complicated interaction between environmental factors and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ESR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms in the risk of uterine leiomyoma, particularly in ethnically different populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2009.0917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,29]],"date-time":"2009-08-29T22:11:56Z","timestamp":1251583916000},"page":"633-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["No Association Between Estrogen Receptor Beta Polymorphisms and Uterine Leiomyoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Xian-Dun","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennan University of Science and Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Nan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennan University of Science and Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00061-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh698","article-title":"Gene expression studies provide clues to the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma: new evidence and a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Arslan A.A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arslan A.A., , Gold L.I., , Mittal K., , Suen T.C., , Belitskaya-Levy I., , Tang M.S., , Toniolo P. 2005. Gene expression studies provide clues to the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma: new evidence and a systematic review. Hum Reprod, 20:852\u2013863.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45789-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1308","article-title":"Genotype distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and cytochrome P450 17 gene polymorphisms in Caucasian women with uterine leiomyomas","volume":"85","author":"Denschlag D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Denschlag D., , Bentz E.K., , Hefler L., , Pietrowski D., , Zeillinger R., , Tempfer C., , Tong D. 2006. Genotype distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and cytochrome P450 17 gene polymorphisms in Caucasian women with uterine leiomyomas. Fertil Steril, 85:462\u2013467.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024237","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-mediated processes in normal and cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Dickson R.B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dickson R.B., , Stancel G.M. 2000. Estrogen receptor-mediated processes in normal and cancer cells. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 27:135\u2013145.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.102400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000929","article-title":"Variation in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes and genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa","volume":"7","author":"Eastwood H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eastwood H., , Brown K.M., , Markovic D., , Pieri L.F. 2002. Variation in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes and genetic susceptibility to anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry, 7:86\u201389.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00545.x","article-title":"Oestrogen receptors\u2014an overview","volume":"246","author":"Enmark E.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Enmark E., , Gustafsson J.A. 1999. Oestrogen receptors\u2014an overview. J Intern Med, 246:133\u2013138.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.11.006","article-title":"Association of estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphisms with obesity in women (obesity and estrogen receptor 2 gene)","volume":"62","author":"Goulart A.C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goulart A.C., , Zee R.Y., , Rexrode K.M. 2009. Association of estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphisms with obesity in women (obesity and estrogen receptor 2 gene) Maturitas, 62:179\u2013183.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-004-8762-6","article-title":"Androgen receptor trinucleotide polymorphism in leiomyoma","volume":"21","author":"Hsieh Y.Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hsieh Y.Y., , Chang C.C., , Tsai F.J., , Lin C.C., , Yeh L.S., , Peng C.T. 2004. Androgen receptor trinucleotide polymorphism in leiomyoma. J Assist Reprod Genet, 21:453\u2013457.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2009.01118.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms in estrogen receptor genes and breast cancer risk in case-control studies in Japanese, Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians","volume":"100","author":"Iwasaki M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iwasaki M., , Shigeaki-Hamada G., , Nobuko-Nishimoto I., , Mour\u00e3o-Netto M., , Motola J.Jr., , Martins-Laginha F., , Kasuga Y., , Yokoyama S., , Onuma H., , Nishimura H., , Kusama R., , Kobayashi M., , Ishihara J., , Yamamoto S., , Hanaoka T., , Tsugane S. 2009. Polymorphisms in estrogen receptor genes and breast cancer risk in case-control studies in Japanese, Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians. Cancer Sci, 100:927\u2013933.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.02.130","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression in uterine leiomyomas from premenopausal women","volume":"82","author":"Jakimiuk A.J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jakimiuk A.J., , Bogusiewicz M., , Tarkowski R., , Dziduch P., , Adamiak A., , Wr\u00f3bel A., , Haczy\u0144ski J., , Magoffin D.A., , Jakowicki J.A. 2004. Estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression in uterine leiomyomas from premenopausal women. Fertil Steril, 82,Suppl 3:1244\u20131249.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"2264","article-title":"Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas)","volume":"14","author":"Lethaby A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lethaby A., , Vollenhoven B. 2005. Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas) Clin Evid, 14:2264\u20132282.","journal-title":"Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03992.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-005-7697-7","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) polymorphisms in familial and sporadic breast cancer","volume":"94","author":"Maguire P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maguire P., , Margolin S., , Skoglund J., , Sun X.F., , Gustafsson J.A., , B\u00f8rresen-Dale A.L., , Lindblom A. 2005. Estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) polymorphisms in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 94:145\u2013152.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.27.903","article-title":"Association study using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene for preeclampsia","volume":"27","author":"Maruyama A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maruyama A., , Nakayama T., , Sato N., , Mizutani Y., , Furuya K., , Yamamoto T. 2004. Association study using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene for preeclampsia. 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