{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1777589065524,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ideal hemostatic agent for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) would provide complete hemostasis and sealing of the collecting system at a low cost. Chitosan (CS) is an established topical hemostatic agent, but standard sterilization techniques affect its functional and biologic properties, thereby preventing parenteral uses. This study sought to characterize the safety and efficacy of an implanted CS hemostat sterilized with either a standard technique, electron beam (e-beam) irradiation, or a novel technique, nonthermal nitrogen plasma, in a porcine LPN model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed on six farm pigs and hemostasis achieved using only a CS hemostatic agent (Clo-Sur P.A.D.) that was e-beam (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093) or plasma sterilized (PS) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093). Number of pads needed to achieve hemostasis, estimated blood loss, operative time, mass of kidney resection, and warm ischemia time were measured. Animals were monitored for 14 weeks and at harvest, retrograde ureteropyelography and histologic analysis were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Complete hemostasis and collection system sealing were achieved in both groups. There was a trend toward less pads required for hemostasis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.056) and reduced blood loss (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.096) with PS pads, although this did not achieve statistical significance. No complications were observed for 14 weeks and gross examination showed the implanted CS was encapsulated in a fibrous capsule. Histologic analysis revealed a healed nephrectomy site with residual CS and associated chronic inflammation, reactive fibrosis, and foreign body giant cell formation. Importantly, the adjacent renal tissue was intact and viable with no residual parenchymal inflammation or cytologic damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CS pads alone provided safe and effective hemostasis in a porcine LPN model. PS may enhance hemostatic efficacy and resorption compared with e-beam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2018.0801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T10:30:06Z","timestamp":1557138606000},"page":"887-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of a Chitosan Hemostat in a Porcine Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Model: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Crofton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."},{"name":"Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training, and Education, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duane","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhannad","family":"Alsyouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training, and Education, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Faaborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Myklak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazih","family":"Khater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."},{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerby C.","family":"Oberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolff M.","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training, and Education, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."},{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67793-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67896-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/75.12.1236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.08.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9941.85643"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15321790500304122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Preliminary studies on radiation-induced changes in chitosan","volume":"39","author":"Ula\u0144ski P","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ula\u0144ski P, , Rosiak J. 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