{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:06:34Z","timestamp":1790899594969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temperatures over 43\u00b0C\u2014the threshold for cellular injury\u2014may be achieved during ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. The time to reach and subsequently clear high temperatures at variable laser power settings and irrigation pressures has not been studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A flexible or semirigid ureteroscope was placed within an 11\/13 F ureteral access sheath inserted into a 250-mL saline bag simulating a normal-caliber ureter, renal pelvis reservoir, and antegrade irrigation flow. A thermocouple was placed adjacent to a 365\u2009\u03bcm fiber fired for 45 seconds at 0.6\u2009J\/6\u2009Hz, 0.8\u2009J\/8\u2009Hz, 1\u2009J\/10\u2009Hz, 1\u2009J\/20\u2009Hz, and 0.2\u2009J\/80\u2009Hz. Irrigation pressures of 200, 100, and 0\u2009mm Hg were tested. Mean temperature changes were recorded with 6\u00b0C increase as a threshold for injury (as body temperature is 6\u00b0C below 43\u00b0C).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semirigid scope: At 200\u2009mm Hg no temperature changes &gt;6\u00b0C were observed. At 100\u2009mm Hg, changes &gt;6\u00b0C occurred with 1\u2009J\/20\u2009Hz within 1 second of activation and returned to \u22646\u00b0C within 1 second of cessation. At 0\u2009mm Hg, changes &gt;6\u00b0C occurred with all settings; within 1 second at power \u226510 W. Temperatures returned to \u22646\u00b0C within 5\u201310 seconds. Flexible scope: At 200\u2009mm Hg, changes &gt;6\u00b0C occurred at 1\u2009J\/10\u2009Hz (15 seconds), 0.2\u2009J\/80\u2009Hz (3 seconds), and 1\u2009J\/20\u2009Hz (2 seconds). Temperatures returned within 6\u00b0C of baseline within 2 seconds. At 100\u2009mm Hg, changes &gt;6\u00b0C occurred in all but 0.6\u2009J\/6\u2009Hz. Temperatures returned to \u22646\u00b0C in 5\u201310 seconds. At 0\u2009mm Hg, all settings produced changes &gt;6\u00b0C within 3 seconds, except 0.6\u2009J\/6\u2009Hz (35 seconds). Temperatures returned to \u22646\u00b0C in under 10 seconds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High temperatures were achieved in our\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      model in as little as 1 second at common irrigation pressures and laser settings, particularly with a flexible ureteroscope and power \u226510 W. However, with laser cessation, temperatures quickly returned to a safe level at each irrigation pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2019.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T08:09:28Z","timestamp":1556093368000},"page":"794-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["The Rise and Fall of High Temperatures During Ureteroscopic Holmium Laser Lithotripsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Brenton","family":"Winship","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohldon","family":"Boydston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn M.","family":"Preminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Lipkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2018.0395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2017.0679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2015.0747"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2303-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2017.0658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1999.13.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Optical Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue","author":"Thomsen S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomsen S, , Pearce JA. 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