{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:44:31Z","timestamp":1777589071065,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess optical performance and diagnostic capability of the Endockscope system (ES)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      the standard endoscopic system (SES) using four rigid\/semi-rigid endoscopes. The ES combines a smartphone, lens system, and a rechargeable light-emitting diode (LED) light source to provide a low-cost alternative ($45) to the standard camera and high-powered light source ($45,000) used in endoscopic procedures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Video clips (&lt;20 seconds) of standard rigid nephroscopy, semi-rigid ureteroscopy, rigid cystoscopy, and laparoscopy in two adult male cadavers were recorded using the ES combined with either the Apple iPhone X or Samsung Galaxy S9+ and also with the high-definition SES (Karl Storz). Sixteen urologists blinded to the camera modality assessed the image resolution, brightness, color, sharpness, and overall quality using a Likert-type scale; acceptability for diagnostic purposes was judged on a binary scale (yes\/no).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For rigid cystoscopy, there was no statistical difference between both ES systems and the SES. For semi-rigid ureteroscopy the two ES systems performed equal to or better than the SES. For rigid nephroscopy, the ES plus Galaxy was comparable to the SES, except in brightness (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas the ES plus iPhone was inferior in various parameters. For laparoscopy, the ES plus Galaxy was inferior to the SES in brightness and overall quality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); the ES plus iPhone was inferior for all laparoscopic image parameters compared with the SES. For diagnostic purposes, the ES plus Galaxy was equivalent to the SES for all endoscopes; the ES plus iPhone was equivalent to the SES for cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, and nephroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ES plus the Apple iPhone X or Samsung Galaxy S9+ offers comparable imaging and provides diagnostic information equivalent to the standard system for rigid endoscopy of the kidney, ureter, and bladder; the Galaxy S9+ provides comparable imaging and diagnostic capabilities for evaluation of the abdomen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2019.0252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T03:51:53Z","timestamp":1560484313000},"page":"960-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Endockscope: A Disruptive Endoscopic Technology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sherry","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Cottone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renai","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis A.","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhamshid","family":"Okhunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shlomi","family":"Tapiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshan M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph V.","family":"Clayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Health equity: Challenges in low income countries","volume":"9","author":"Orach CG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orach CG. 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