{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:03:08Z","timestamp":1791511388584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if radiologically diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NHANES III participants aged 20\u201374 years who underwent hepatobiliary ultrasound were classified as with NAFLD (moderate or severe hepatic steatosis in absence of other known causes of liver disease;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092498) or without NAFLD (controls;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099361). Risk of nephrolithiasis caused by NAFLD was estimated using logistic regression with propensity score adjustment. Secondary outcomes included medical stone management, lithotripsy, and surgical stone removal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with NAFLD were older (48.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      43.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and exhibited greater prevalence of all components of metabolic syndrome: obesity (48%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      21%), impaired glucose tolerance (17%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      11%), diabetes mellitus (15%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      6%), hypertension (36%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      24%), and gout (4%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      2%) (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors, NAFLD was associated with increased risk nephrolithiasis (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02\u20131.61],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). The association persisted in women (OR\u2009=\u20091.65, 95% CI [1.17\u20132.32],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) but not in men (OR\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% CI [0.77\u20131.40],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80). NAFLD was not associated with increased occurrence of medical management (OR\u2009=\u20091.31, 95% CI [0.84\u20132.05],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.24), lithotripsy (OR\u2009=\u20091.61, 95% CI [0.83\u20133.33],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20), or surgical stone removal (OR\u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI [0.48\u20131.44],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large U.S. population-based cross-sectional analysis, NAFLD was found to be associated with increased risk of nephrolithiasis in women after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and metabolic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2020.0486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T01:23:36Z","timestamp":1592875416000},"page":"1258-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is an Independent Risk Factor for Nephrolithiasis in Women: Findings from NHANES III"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rourke D.","family":"Decker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Ghiraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einstein Healthcare Network, Department of Urology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra H.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Gaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Research Institute, Camden, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin I.","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einstein Healthcare Network, Department of Urology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Division of Urologic Oncology and Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12643"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00516.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(97)00371-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Epidemiologic association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and urinary calculi: A population-based cross-sectional study in southern China","volume":"12","author":"Wei YP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei YP, , Lin XG, , He RQ, et al. 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National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III): Hepatic Steatosis Ultrasound Images Assessment Procedures Manual. 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