{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:23:09Z","timestamp":1790306589341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal colic is frequently treated with opioids; however, narcotic analgesic use can lead to dependence and abuse. We evaluated use trends of opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain management of kidney stones in United States emergency departments (EDs) from 2015 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney stone encounters were identified using National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data. We applied a multistage survey weighting procedure to account for selection probability, nonresponse, and population weights. Medication use trends were estimated through logistic regressions on the timing of the encounter, adjusted for selected demographic and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2015 and 2021, there were an estimated 9,433,291 kidney stone encounters in United States EDs. Opioid use decreased significantly (annual odds ratio [OR]: 0.87,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and there was no significant trend in NSAID use. At discharge, male patients were more likely than females (OR: 1.93,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) to receive opioids, and Black patients were less likely than White patients (OR: 0.34,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) to receive opioids. Regional variation was also observed, with higher odds of discharge prescriptions in the West (OR: 3.15,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and Midwest (OR: 2.49,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), compared with the Northeast. Thirty-five percent of patients received opioids that were stronger than morphine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest improved opioid stewardship from ED physicians in response to the national opioid epidemic. However, regional variation as well as disparities in discharge prescriptions for Black and female patients underscore opportunities for continued efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2023.0636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T03:03:21Z","timestamp":1706929401000},"page":"458-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends in Opioid and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use for Patients with Kidney Stones in United States Emergency Departments from 2015 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Berman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezra J.","family":"Margolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adithya","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ojas","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000002331"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.419"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16454"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2020.0402"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.16222"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"Patti L Leslie SW. Acute Renal Colic. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island FL USA; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38119.581991.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3539-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.284"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999\u20132017","volume":"329","author":"Hedegaard H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hedegaard H, , Mini\u00f1o AM, , Warner M. Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999\u20132017. NCHS Data Brief, 2018; 329:1\u20138.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","unstructured":"2015\u20132021 NHAMCS Micro-Data File Documentation. National Center for Health Statistics; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ahcd\/datasets_documentation_related.htm [Last accessed: January9 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in opioids prescribed at discharge from Emergency Departments among Adults: United States, 2006\u20132017","volume":"135","author":"Rui P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rui P, , Santo L, , Ashman JJ. Trends in opioids prescribed at discharge from Emergency Departments among Adults: United States, 2006\u20132017. Natl Health Stat Report, 2020; 135:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse. Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use. National Academies Press (US): Washington DC USA; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1496"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","unstructured":"Overdose_data_1999\u20132021 1.19.23.xlsx. 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