{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:43:01Z","timestamp":1777588981833,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is associated with complications, many of which are related to the intrarenal pressure (IRP). We aim to describe the design of a novel isoprenaline-eluting guidewire (\u201cIsoWire\u201d) and present the results from the first\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release studies and the first animal studies showing its effect on IRP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IsoWire comprises a Nitinol core surrounded by a stainless-steel wire wound into a tight coil. The grooves created by this coil provided a reservoir for adding a hydrogel coating into which isoprenaline, a beta-agonist, was loaded. Animal studies were performed using a porcine model. For the control, IRP, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured continuously for 6 minutes with a standard guidewire in place. For the experiment, the standard hydrophilic guidewire was removed, the IsoWire was inserted into the renal pelvis, and the same parameters were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis of the isoprenaline release profile showed that most (63.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9%) of the loaded drug mass was released in the 1st minute, and almost all of the drug was released in the first 4 minutes exponentially. Porcine studies showed a 25.1% reduction in IRP in the IsoWire that released 10\u2009\u03bcg in the 1st minute; however, there was a marked increase in HR. The average percentage reduction in IRP was 8.95% and 21.3% in the IsoWire that released 5 and 7.5\u2009\u03bcg of isoprenaline, respectively, with no changes in HR or MAP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IsoWire, which releases 5 and 7.5\u2009\u03bcg of isoprenaline in the 1st minute, appears to be safe and effective in reducing the IRP. Further studies are needed to establish whether the isoprenaline-induced ureteral relaxation will render easier insertion of a ureteral access sheath, reduce IRP during sheathless RIRS, or even promote the practice of sheathless RIRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2023.0745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T03:04:56Z","timestamp":1710212696000},"page":"590-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Introducing an lsoprenaline Eluting Guidewire: Report on its Design and the Results of the Dose-Determining Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6139-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"John","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charn\u00e9","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1542-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Kellermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hillcrest Private Hospital, Durban, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Kope\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Trzci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kope\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Ciach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Fieggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Kaestner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S284706"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.124206"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0426-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Skolarikos A Hung H Neisius A et al. 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