{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:42:20Z","timestamp":1789771340908,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Endourology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the ablation speed (AS), laser efficiency and direct thermal lesions during urinary stone lithotripsy with the current available laser technologies: Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG), pulsed-Thulium:YAG (p-Tm:YAG) and thulium fiber laser (TFL)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      using different laser settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ho:YAG, p-Tm:YAG, and TFL laser system were used in an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      ureteral model with a volume of 125 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      Begostone. The following parameters were tested across all laser devices: 0.6J\/10 Hz (6 W), 0.6 J\/20 Hz (12 W), 1.5 J\/10 Hz (15 W), and 1.5 J\/20 Hz (30 W), employing short pulse width for all lasers and long pulse width for Ho:YAG and p-Tm:YAG. Ten participants conducted the experimental setup during 3-minutes laser on time, combining the laser technology, settings, and pulse widths, with a total of 20 different combinations. The efficiency, AS and ureteral damage resulting from each intervention were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      p-Tm:YAG and TFL demonstrated significantly higher efficiency compared with Ho:YAG (0.049 \u00b1 0.02 \u0394gr\/KJ and 0.042 \u00b1 0.01 \u0394gr\/KJ\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.029 \u00b1 0.01 \u0394gr\/KJ;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In all laser sources, as the power increases, the AS also increases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, only at high-energy settings (1.5 J) higher frequency led to increase AS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Both, p-Tm:YAG and TFL exhibited higher AS compared to Ho:YAG (0.64 \u00b1 0.33 \u0394gr\/s and 0.62 \u00b1 0.31 \u0394gr\/s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.44 \u00b1 0.22 \u0394gr\/s;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Regarding ureteral injuries, as the power increases, there is a higher chance of ureteral damage (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). No differences were observed between laser technologies (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.828).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both, p-Tm:YAG and TFL exhibited superior performances during laser lithotripsy compared with Ho:YAG, as they demonstrated higher efficiency and ablation speed. Thermal damage did not appear to be associated with specific laser equipment, but higher grades of lesions are described by increasing power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2024.0349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T06:37:45Z","timestamp":1725345465000},"page":"1209-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Assessment of Holmium:YAG, Pulsed-Thulium:YAG and Thulium Fiber Lasers for Urinary Stone Ablation.\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Panthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asier","family":"Mercad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Traxer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic\u2013University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 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