{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:28:12Z","timestamp":1789504092846,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Artificial digestion method is widely used for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae (mainly the mature larvae, e.g., encapsulated larvae in encapsulated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in meat. The previous studies demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pre-encapsulated larvae (PEL) at 14\u201318 days postinfection (dpi) had the infectivity to new hosts. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the detection methods of PEL in meat. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of artificial digestion and Baermann's methods for detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    PEL in meat, and to test the factors affecting the sensitivity of the two methods. Forty-five male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (15 mice per group), and each group of mice was orally inoculated with 20, 10, or 5 muscle larvae of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. All infected mice were slaughtered at 18\u2009dpi, and the muscles were minced. The digestion method that was recommended by International Commission on Trichinellosis and Baermann's method were used to detect the PEL in the infected mice. The detection rate of PEL in both mice infected with 20 muscle larvae by digestion and Baermann's method was 100% (15\/15); the detection rates of PEL in mice infected with 10 larvae by the two methods just mentioned were 93.33% (14\/15) and 100% (15\/15), respectively; when the mice infected with 5 larvae were tested, the different detection rate of PEL was achieved by using digestion method (63.33%) and Baermann's method (100%). Additionally, the number of PEL collected from the mice infected with 20, 10, or 5 larvae by Baermann's method was greater than that by digestion methods. The mortality of PEL increased along with the prolongation of digestion duration, because the PEL were not resistant to enzymatic digestion. The results revealed that the Baermann's method is superior to the digestion methods for detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    PEL in muscle samples with low-level infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T17:09:58Z","timestamp":1318352998000},"page":"27-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Comparison of Artificial Digestion and Baermann's Methods for Detection of\n                    <i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i>\n                    Pre-encapsulated Larvae in Muscles with Low-Level Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University","place":["The People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University","place":["The People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University","place":["The People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University","place":["The People's Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3578-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Experimental studies on the minimum infecting dose of Trichinella spiralis to Kunming mice","volume":"26","author":"Cui J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cui J, , Wang J, , Wang ZQ, , Niu HT. Experimental studies on the minimum infecting dose of Trichinella spiralis to Kunming mice. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2008; 26:73\u201374.","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.11.1308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-66.6.1043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-61.3.339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00354-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-59.11.1213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/20041113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00026-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Medical Parasitology","author":"John DT","year":"2006","unstructured":"John DT, , Petri WAJr. Medical Parasitology, 9 th. St. Louis: Elservier, 2006; 407\u2013408.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00202-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00012542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Sensitivity of artificial digestion method of inspection for Trichinella spiralis larvae in meat","volume":"6","author":"Li F","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li F, , Wang L, , Wang ZQ, , Zhang X, , Jiang P, , Cui J. Sensitivity of artificial digestion method of inspection for Trichinella spiralis larvae in meat. Trop Dis Parasitol, 2008; 6:133\u2013135.","journal-title":"Trop Dis Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Studies on the infectivity of pre-encapsulated larvae of Trichinella spiralis","volume":"7","author":"Li TT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li TT, , Xu DM, , Cui J, , Wang ZQ. Studies on the infectivity of pre-encapsulated larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Trop Dis Parasitol, 2009; 7:67\u201369.","journal-title":"Trop Dis Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). Trichinellosis. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 6 thOffice International des Epizooties Paris Chapter 2.1.162008. www.oie.int\/eng\/normes\/mmanual\/2008\/pdf\/2.01.16_ TRICHINELLOSIS.pdf. 2011 September 14(Online.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Experimental studies on the rapid determination of viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Shen YJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shen YJ, , Chang ZS, , Zhang YN. Experimental studies on the rapid determination of viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro. Chin J Vet Parasitol, 2003; 11:21\u201322.","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp","volume":"14","author":"Teunis PF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teunis PF, , Koningstein M, , Takumi K, , Van Der Giessen JW. Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp. Epidemiol Infect, 2011; Apr 14:1\u20139[Epub ahead of print]","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Serum IgG levels in the mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spp","volume":"2","author":"Wang J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang J, , Cui J, , Wang ZQ. Serum IgG levels in the mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spp. Chin J Pathog Biol, 2007; 2:266\u2013268.","journal-title":"Chin J Pathog Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.11.01.00596-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Study on collecting methods of pre-encapsulated larvae (PEL) of Trichinella spiralis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang RG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang RG, , Wang ZQ, , Yin QY. Study on collecting methods of pre-encapsulated larvae (PEL) of Trichinella spiralis. Henan J Prev Med, 1998; 9:192\u2013193.","journal-title":"Henan J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:22:46Z","timestamp":1777443766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2011.0985","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}