{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:23:00Z","timestamp":1777641780699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Avian pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (APEC) strains harbor a number of virulence genes and cause extraintestinal diseases, such as septicemia, swollen-head syndrome, salpingitis, and omphalitis in poultry. APEC strains are not known to cause intestinal diseases. Herein, for the first time, it is reported that APEC strains were able to induce an enterotoxigenic-like effect in rabbit ligated ileal loops. Strain SEPT362 caused cell detachment of the intestinal villi, which also showed a flattened and wilted appearance, but the integrity of the tight junctions was maintained. Additionally, this strain did not adhere to enterocytes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , although adhesin encoding genes (\u2009\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fim<\/jats:italic>\n                    H,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">csg<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lpf<\/jats:italic>\n                    A2-3, and ECP) were present while other\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lpf<\/jats:italic>\n                    A types,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sfa, afa, pap<\/jats:italic>\n                    C, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ral<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were not. This enterotoxigenic-like activity was conserved after thermal treatment of the supernatant at 65\u00b0C but not at 100\u00b0C. Moreover, experiments based on filtering with different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) pore sizes demonstrated that the component associated with the observed biological effect has a molecular weight &gt;100\u2009kDa. Blast search and polymerase chain reaction assays for known\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence factors showed that strain SEPT362 harbors the gene encoding for the toxin EAST-1 and the serine protease autotransporter (SPATE) Tsh, but is negative for genes encoding for the toxins LT-I, STh, STp, Stx1, Stx2, CNF-1, CNF-2, CDT and the SPATEs Sat, Pic, Vat, SigA, SepA, EatA, EspP, or EspC. A cloned copy of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tsh<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K-12 was also tested and was shown to have an enterotoxic effect. These results suggest that APEC might induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit gut. The Tsh autotransporter seems to be one of the factors associated with this phenotype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2013.1719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T13:16:00Z","timestamp":1395926160000},"page":"484-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Avian Extraintestinal\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Exhibits Enterotoxigenic-Like Activity in the\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Rabbit Ligated Ileal Loop Assay"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Renato Pariz","family":"Maluta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Silvia Viccari","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Pinto","family":"Joazeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Boldrin","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds Cabrera Galv\u00e3o","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)\u2013Institut Armand-Frappier","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Katsuko Takayama","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina (UEL)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Dozois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina (UEL)","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanderley","family":"Dias da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas 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