{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:52:11Z","timestamp":1790790731503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To determine the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    in farm animals from slaughterhouse through to retail stage, a total of 750 samples of feces, posteviscerated and washed carcass were collected from cattle, camels, goats, and sheep in Isfahan, Iran. The overall prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    in feces, posteviscerated and washed carcass were 20 (13.3%), 23 (15.3%), and 11 (7.3%), respectively; while\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from 79 (26.3%) retail samples. Twenty-nine (3.8%) isolates were toxigenic, with most toxigenic isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917, 5.6%) identified from the retail stage. All toxigenic isolates harbored\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tcdA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tcdB;<\/jats:italic>\n                    however, all were negative for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cdtB.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The 29 isolates were classified into 21 different ribotypes. This study revealed evidence of existence of toxigenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    in farm animal feces and meat in Iran.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T15:15:02Z","timestamp":1444144502000},"page":"864-866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of\n                    <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>\n                    in Farm Animals from Slaughterhouse to Retail Stage in Isfahan, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Islamic Azad University","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Scott","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"University of Guelph","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Ezzatpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Chamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Shoaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Yaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Ataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Maracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Ansariyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"University of Guelph","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13629.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.16771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-014-0283-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-9-2-129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-119"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:21:35Z","timestamp":1777443695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2014.1910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}