{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:31Z","timestamp":1790709691608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the past,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been isolated from game feces and meat. However, less information is available on the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in other specimens originating from game animals. Hence, the aim of this study was to get an overview of the occurrence and distribution of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in game animals by characterization of isolates from different matrices. For that purpose, samples were collected from red deer (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cervus elaphus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), wild boars (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and feed during the hunting season 2011\u20132012 in three different regions of Germany and Austria. Six samples from each animal were examined: tonsils, content of the rumen or the stomach, liver, intestinal lymph nodes, cecum content, and feces. Nineteen of 45 red deer and 12 of 49 wild boars were found to be positive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    as well as 4 of 22 pooled feed samples.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated most frequently from the rumen of red deer (14 of 19) and the tonsils of wild boars (7 of 12). Serotypes 1\/2a, 1\/2b, 4a, and 4b were detected in samples of game animals and feed, and serotypes 1\/2a and 4b were the most prevalent serotypes. The presence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    serotype 4a had not yet been described in red deer. This might be due to the fact that it was only isolated from the content of rumen and that no other study has yet examined ruminal content. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a wide variety of strains. Some strains occurred in both species and feed samples, but one strain was dominant in one region. The results show that red deer and wild boars can be carriers of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in different matrices, although the feces samples can be negative.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.2061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T15:08:20Z","timestamp":1462806500000},"page":"391-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    in Different Specimens from Healthy Red Deer and Wild Boars"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Weindl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Heurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian Forest National Park","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Kleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00fcppo","family":"Ellerbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Gareis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"Apelt JM. Hygiene of freshly shot game from different hunting grounds in Germany. Dissertation School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover 2007. (in German.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2012.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"Bortolas C Lucchini R Francione E Trevisiol K Rabini M Giacon M Obber F Favretti M Pezzuto A Capovilla P Bragagna P Mione D Comiotto D Rocca M Luchesa L Giusti M Gietl H Holzmann U Citterio CV. Foodborne pathogens and microbiological spoilage in different ungulate species hunted in the Eastern Italian Alps. IRFGMH International Research Forum for Game Meat Hygiene Meeting from 11\u201312 October in Vienna 2012:40\u201342. Available at: www.irfgmh.org\/publikace\/irfmgh_2012_2_proceedings_revised.pdf Accessed January15 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01874-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Hygiene risks in venison and their microbial load and human pathogens","volume":"12","author":"Deutz A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deutz A, , Fuchs K, , Pless P, , Deutz-Pieber U, , K\u00f6fer J. Hygiene risks in venison and their microbial load and human pathogens. Fleischwirtsch, 2000; 12:106\u2013108. (in German.)","journal-title":"Fleischwirtsch"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"DIN EN ISO 11290-1:2005-01.. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs\u2014Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes\u2014Part 1: Detection method (ISO 11290-1:1996\u2009+\u2009AMD 1:2004); German version EN ISO 11290-1:1996\u2009+\u2009A1:2004. Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH 2005. (in German.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3819-3822.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.122.12.274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-5-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e9lix B Dao TT Lombard B Ass\u00e9r\u00e9 A Brisabois A Roussel S. The use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis in Listeria monocytogenes sub-typing\u2013harmonization at the European Union level. In: Gel Electrophoresis\u2013Principles and Basics. Magdeldin S (ed.). 2012 ISBN: 978-953-51-0458-2 InTech Available at: http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics\/harmonization-of-listeria-monocytogenes-pfge-sub-typing-at-european- union-level Accessed February19 2016.","DOI":"10.5772\/38578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02183.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.1.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Epidemiological studies on the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in the feces of dairy cattle","volume":"37","author":"Husu JR","year":"1990","unstructured":"Husu JR. Epidemiological studies on the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in the feces of dairy cattle. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B, 1990; 37:276\u2013282.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.1341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Salmonella in game meat","volume":"174","author":"Jak\u0161i\u0107 S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jak\u0161i\u0107 S, , Uhitil S, , Asaj A, , Botka-Petrak K. Salmonella in game meat. Allg Forst Jagd Ztg, 2003; 174:57\u201358. 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The incidence of bacterial CNS infections in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Bavaria. Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr, 2005; 118:45\u201351. (in German.)","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0580-9517(08)70372-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"St\u00fcber K. Serial examination of meat maturation and the microbiological status of game meat from wild boar and red deer. Dissertation School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover 2012. (in German.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-013-0260-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes subtypes associated with mortality among fallow deer (Dama dama)","volume":"30","author":"Tham W","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tham W, , Bannerman E, , Bille J, , Danielsson-Tham ML, , Eld K, , Ericcson H, , Gavier-Wid\u00e9n D, , Rocourt J, , M\u00f6rner T. Listeria monocytogenes subtypes associated with mortality among fallow deer (Dama dama). J Zoo Wildl Med, 1999; 30:545\u2013549.","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","unstructured":"T\u00fcrck NC. Sensory and microbiological examinations for an evaluation of game meat. Dissertation School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. 2008. (in German.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.584-640.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","unstructured":"Wacheck S. 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