{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1777642249077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies indicate that persistent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization occurs in poultry that are infected early in life, leading to both food safety and public health concerns. Development of improved preharvest\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    management strategies is needed to reduce poultry product contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a product containing medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) for reducing early\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in turkey poults. Day-of-hatch turkeys were provided a standard starter diet supplemented with MCFA at 0 (negative and positive controls), 1.5, 3, 4.5, or 6\u2009lbs\/ton of feed. Positive control and MCFA treated birds were also crop-gavaged with 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    colony forming units (CFU) of bioluminescent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium. Gastrointestinal tissue samples were collected at 3 days postinoculation for bioluminescence imaging (Meckel's diverticulum to the cloaca) and selective enumeration (cecal contents). Quantification of bioluminescence indicated that the 4.5 and 6\u2009lbs\/ton MCFA groups had significantly less colonization than the positive control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0412 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, respectively). Similarly, significantly lower numbers (1-log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/g reduction) of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    were observed in the ceca of the 6\u2009lbs\/ton MCFA group compared to the positive control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0153). These findings indicate that incorporation of MCFA in turkey diets can significantly reduce early\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization. In addition, this study highlights the utility of bioluminescence imaging as a screening methodology for assessing the efficacy of treatments that may reduce\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in poultry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T15:57:00Z","timestamp":1499788620000},"page":"531-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Investigation of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Feed Supplementation for Reducing\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Typhimurium Colonization in Turkey Poults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank William","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan M.","family":"Mahsoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"},{"name":"Alexandria University","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nammalwar","family":"Sriranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike E.","family":"Persia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore Peter","family":"Karnezos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PMI Nutritional Additives\u2122"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Diversified Research Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami A.","family":"Dalloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic and State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01686-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0681454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.12.1759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks\u2014United States, 1998\u20132008","volume":"62","author":"Gould LH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gould LH, , Walsh KA, , Vieira AR, , Herman K, , Williams IT, , Hall AJ, , Cole DJ. 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