{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:54:57Z","timestamp":1780678497233,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n is a foodborne pathogen showing increasing multidrug resistance (MDR). We characterized the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotype using microarrays in a panel of 105 nontyphoidal\n S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from food animals and foodstuff. Nineteen isolates were chosen on the basis of their MDR and virulence for determination of heavy metal susceptibilities and screened by polymerase chain reaction for heavy metal resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on three isolates carrying clinically important AMR genes and the\n cdtB<\/jats:italic>\n toxin gene to detect other heavy metal resistance mechanisms, and conjugation assays were performed to evaluate transfer of AMR\/toxin genes with heavy metal resistance genes. AMR genotyping results showed isolates harbored between 1 and 12 mobile AMR genes, with 58% being classified as MDR. The tested subset of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to zinc (78%), copper (68%), silver (63%), arsenic (47%), and tellurite (26%); phenotypes that could be attributed to\n zitB<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200932%),\n pcoA<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n pcoD<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200932%),\n tcrB<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916%),\n arsB<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916%),\n silA\/silE<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200942%), and\n terF<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200926%) genes. WGS confirmed the presence of other heavy metal resistance genes such as\n copA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n cusA,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n czcD<\/jats:italic>\n . Isolates often harbored multiple heavy metal resistance genes. Two strains (Sal25 and Sal368) were able to conjugate with\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n J53 at a relatively high frequency (\u223c10\n \u22124<\/jats:sup>\n colony-forming units per recipient). Transformants selected in the presence of copper harbored either an IncHI2 (J53\/Sal25 transconjugant) or IncF (J53\/Sal368 transconjugant) plasmid with decreased susceptibilities to tellurite, zinc, copper, cobalt, arsenic, lead, mercury, and silver.\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n and\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n genes were also transferred to one transconjugant, and\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (M) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n genes to the other. This work shows the presence of a diversity of AMR genes in this zoonotic pathogen, and suggests that heavy metals may contribute to selection of clinically important ones through the food chain, such as the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T11:09:29Z","timestamp":1543316969000},"page":"166-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant\n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n Isolated from Food Animal and Foodstuff May Also Be Less Susceptible to Heavy Metals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Animal and Plant Health and Agency","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick M.","family":"Card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health and Agency","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Nunez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health and Agency","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Jorge","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Coimbra","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna F.","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health and Agency","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.1.22-32.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00419-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201000102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1714-1722.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01223-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Regulation (EC) No 1831\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","volume":"268","author":"Commission Regulation 1831\/2003\/EC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Commission Regulation 1831\/2003\/EC. Regulation (EC) No 1831\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. Off J Eur Union, 2003; L268:29\u201343.","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Occurance and characterisation of mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2013 to 2015","volume":"72","author":"Duggett NA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duggett NA, , Sayers E, , AbuOun M, , Ellis RJ, , Nunez-Garcia J, , Randall L, , Horton R, , Rogers J, , Martelli F, , Smith RP, , Brena C, , Williamson S, , Kirchner M, , Davies R, , Crook D, , Evans S, , Teale C, , Anjum MF. Occurance and characterisation of mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2013 to 2015. 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